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This collection centers around two trends that currently influence freedom of expression. The first trend confirms the fact that many Western countries have become, over a long period of time, less strict about sacrilegious expression. In the process, many repealed their blasphemy laws or became less harsh in their punishment of blasphemy, hence "the fall of blasphemy law." The second trend manifests an opposite movement, hence "the rise of blasphemy law". Over the last decades, namely, Western societies have witnessed multiple attempts to suppress speech that defames religion. To be sure, one particularly vicious way of re-energizing these interdicts against blasphemy has come from radical believers intent upon removing blasphemy from the public domain by violent means. With contributions by scholars from a wide range of disciplines, this volume seeks to offer an examination of topical issues relating to freedom of expression, censorship, and blasphemy in contemporary multicultural democracies.

Offenses against religion --- Blasphemy --- History. --- Freedom of speech --- Libel and slander --- Crimes against religion --- Offenses, Religious --- Religious crimes --- Religious offenses --- Crime --- Religion --- freedom of expression --- censorship --- blasphemy --- multicultural democracies

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Blasphemy and other forms of blatant disrespect to religious beliefs have the capacity to create significant civil and even international unrest. Consequently, the sacrosanctity of religious dogmas and beliefs, stringent laws of repression and codes of moral and ethical propriety have compelled artists to live and create with occupational hazards like uncertain audience response, self-censorship and accusations of deliberate misinterpretation of cultural production looming over their heads. Yet, in recent years, issues surrounding the rights of minority cultures to recognition and respect have raised new questions about the contemporariness of the construct of blasphemy and sacrilege. Controversies over the aesthetic representation of the sacred, the exhibition of the sacred as art, and the public display of sacrilegious or blasphemous works have given rise to heated debates and have invited us to reflect on binaries like artistic and religious sensibilities, tolerance and philistinism, the sacred and the profane, deification and vilification. Endeavouring to move beyond ‘simplistic’ points about the rights to freedom of expression and sacrosanctity, this collection explores how differences between conceptions of the sacred can be negotiated. It recognises that blasphemy may be justified as a form of political criticism, as well as a sincere expression of spirituality. But it also recognises that within a pluralistic society, blasphemy in the arts can do an enormous amount of harm, as it may also impair relations within and between societies. This collection evolved out a two-day conference called ‘Negotiating the Sacred: Blasphemy and Sacrilege in the Arts’ held at the Centre for Cross Cultural Research at The Australian National University in November 2005. This is the second volume in a series of five conferences and edited collections on the theme ‘Negotiating the Sacred’. The first conference, ‘Negotiating the Sacred: Blasphemy and Sacrilege in a Multicultural Society’ was held at The Australian National University’s Centre for Cross-Cultural Research in 2004, and published as an edited collection by ANU E Press in 2006. Other conferences in the series have included Religion, Medicine and the Body (ANU, 2006), Tolerance, Education and the Curriculum (ANU, 2007), and Governing the Family (Monash University, 2008). Together, the series represents a major contribution to ongoing debates on the political demands arising from religious pluralism in multicultural societies.

Art, Architecture & Applied Arts --- Fine Arts - General --- Arts and religion. --- Offenses against religion. --- Blasphemy. --- Crimes against religion --- Offenses, Religious --- Religious crimes --- Religious offenses --- Arts --- Religion and the arts --- Religious aspects --- Freedom of speech --- Libel and slander --- Offenses against religion --- Crime --- Religion --- Sacrilege. --- Church desecration --- Desecration --- Host desecration accusation --- Taboo

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Should international law be concerned with offence to religions and their followers? Even before the 2005 publication of the Danish Mohammed cartoons, Muslim States have endeavoured to establish some reputational protection for religions on the international level by pushing for recognition of the novel concept of 'defamation of religions'. This study recounts these efforts as well as the opposition they aroused, particularly by proponents of free speech. It also addresses the more fundamental issue of how religion and international law may relate to each other. Historically, enforcing divine commands has been the primary task of legal systems, and it still is in numerous municipal jurisdictions. By analysing religious restrictions of blasphemy and sacrilege as well as international and national norms on free speech and freedom of religion, Lorenz Langer argues that, on the international level at least, religion does not provide a suitable rationale for legal norms.

Hate speech. --- Offenses against religion. --- Freedom of expression. --- International law and human rights. --- Human rights and international law --- Human rights --- Expression, Freedom of --- Free expression --- Liberty of expression --- Civil rights --- Crimes against religion --- Offenses, Religious --- Religious crimes --- Religious offenses --- Crime --- Religion --- Defamation against groups --- Group defamation --- Group libel --- Racist speech --- Speech, Hate --- Libel and slander

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Blasphemy could be a serious business in early modern Europe, and those judged to have cursed, abused or denied God could in some cases find themselves on trial for their lives. Whilst such attitudes may appear draconian to modern eyes, it is clear that in the past, blasphemy was regarded as a very real threat to society. Concentrating on the Reformed city of Zurich, this study examines the cultural, social and theological aspects of blasphemy in order to better understand exactly why this should be, and to illuminate the diverse and sometimes contradictory dynamics at work.

Blasphemy --- Offenses against religion --- Crimes against religion --- Offenses, Religious --- Religious crimes --- Religious offenses --- Crime --- Religion --- Freedom of speech --- Libel and slander --- History. --- Zurich (Switzerland) --- Burghölzli-Zürich (Switzerland) --- Chūrihhi (Switzerland) --- Cirih (Switzerland) --- Cīrihe (Switzerland) --- Ciurichas (Switzerland) --- Curih (Switzerland) --- Curych (Switzerland) --- Cyrihu (Switzerland) --- Horad Tsi︠u︡rykh (Switzerland) --- Sulishi (Switzerland) --- Sürix (Switzerland) --- Tsirikh (Switzerland) --- T︠S︡i︠u︡rikh (Switzerland) --- Tsi︠u︡rykh (Switzerland) --- Tsurique (Switzerland) --- Turicum (Switzerland) --- Turitg (Switzerland) --- Zirich (Switzerland) --- Ziyūrikh (Switzerland) --- Züri (Switzerland) --- Zuric (Switzerland) --- Zuricu (Switzerland) --- Zürigh (Switzerland) --- Zurigo (Switzerland) --- Zürih (Switzerland) --- Zuriko (Switzerland) --- Zurique (Switzerland) --- Zurych (Switzerland) --- Zyrichē (Switzerland) --- Zyrihu (Switzerland) --- Ζυρίχη (Switzerland) --- Цюрых (Switzerland) --- Цюрих (Switzerland) --- Цирих (Switzerland) --- Горад Цюрых (Switzerland) --- ציריך (Switzerland) --- زيورخ (Switzerland) --- チューリッヒ (Switzerland) --- 苏黎世 (Switzerland) --- Affoltern bei Zürich (Switzerland) --- Witikon (Switzerland) --- Church history. --- Reformation --- Blasphème --- Délits religieux --- Réforme (Christianisme) --- History --- Social aspects. --- Histoire --- Aspect social --- Zurich (Suisse) --- Histoire religieuse

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Why were so many religious images and objects broken and damaged in the course of the Reformation? Margaret Aston's magisterial new book charts the conflicting imperatives of destruction and rebuilding throughout the English Reformation from the desecration of images, rails and screens to bells, organs and stained glass windows. She explores the motivations of those who smashed images of the crucifixion in stained glass windows and who pulled down crosses and defaced symbols of the Trinity. She shows that destruction was part of a methodology of religious revolution designed to change people as well as places and to forge in the long term new generations of new believers. Beyond blanked walls and whited windows were beliefs and minds impregnated by new modes of religious learning. Idol-breaking with its emphasis on the treacheries of images fundamentally transformed not only Anglican ways of worship but also of seeing, hearing and remembering.

breaking --- Sculpture --- Reformation --- sculpture [visual works] --- iconoclasm --- England --- Délits religieux --- Délits religieux --- Iconoclasm --- Idols and images --- Religious articles --- Offenses against religion --- Social change --- Christianity --- History --- Social aspects --- Social conditions --- Religion --- Réforme (Christianisme) --- Iconoclasme --- Idoles et images --- Objets religieux --- Changement social --- Christianisme --- Histoire --- Aspect social --- Angleterre --- Church history --- Conditions sociales --- Histoire religieuse --- 246.3 --- 284.1 <41> --- Iconography --- Images and idols --- Religious images --- Statuettes --- Animism --- Art, Primitive --- Art and religion --- Fetishism --- Magic --- Sculpture, Primitive --- Symbolism --- Gods in art --- English Reformation --- 284.1 <41> Lutheraanse hervorming. Reformatie van Luther--Verenigd Koninkrijk van Groot-Brittannië en Noord-Ierland --- Lutheraanse hervorming. Reformatie van Luther--Verenigd Koninkrijk van Groot-Brittannië en Noord-Ierland --- 246.3 Beelden in kerken. Beeldenverering. Iconoclasme --- Beelden in kerken. Beeldenverering. Iconoclasme --- Worship --- Réforme --- Église --- Iconography, Religious --- Religious iconography --- Religious statuettes --- Statuettes, Religious --- Religious art --- Reformation - England --- Iconoclasm - England - 16th century --- Idols and images - England - History - 16th century --- Religious articles - England - History - 16th century --- Offenses against religion - England - History - 16th century --- Social change - England - History - 16th century --- Christianity - Social aspects - England - History - 16th century --- Iconoclastes --- England - Social conditions - 16th century --- England - Religion - 16th century --- Crimes against religion --- Offenses, Religious --- Religious crimes --- Religious offenses --- Crime --- Articles, Religious --- Objects, Religious --- Religious art objects --- Religious goods --- Religious objects --- Sacred objects --- Religions --- Change, Social --- Cultural change --- Cultural transformation --- Societal change --- Socio-cultural change --- Social history --- Social evolution --- Anglii︠a︡ --- Inghilterra --- Engeland --- Inglaterra --- Anglija --- England and Wales