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Après avoir présenté les raisons pour lesquelles les entreprises différencient leurs produits, cet ouvrage étudie les formes de différenciation le plus souvent considérée: par les économistes industriels: la différenciation horizontale, correspondant à la concurrence spatiale, et la différenciation verticale, correspondant à la différenciation par la qualité. Un chapitre étudie aussi l'action combinée de la différenciation de: produits et de l'existence simultanée d'effet: de réseau. Le dernier chapitre de l'ouvrage est consacré à l'étude de la concurrence monopolistique. Il s'agit d'une forme composite de concurrence, combinant à la fois l'idée de concurrence pure et celle de pouvoir du marché propre à la concurrence imparfaite (monopole, oligopole). Les développements récents de la microéconomie de la différenciation ne sont pas aisément accessibles au profane. L'auteur en présente ici une introduction pédagogique, illustrée par des étude de cas.

Product differentiation --- Monopolistic competition --- Sales management --- Produits commerciaux --- Concurrence monopolistique --- Ventes --- Différenciation --- Gestion --- AA / International- internationaal --- 380.22 --- Concurrentie. Monopolie, duopolie, oligopolie. --- Différenciation --- Concurrentie. Monopolie, duopolie, oligopolie

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The present Test Guideline addresses the human health hazard endpoint skin sensitisation, following exposure to a test chemical. Skin sensitisation refers to an allergic response following skin contact with the tested chemical, as defined by the United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (UN GHS). This Test Guideline provides an in chemico procedure (Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay – DPRA) used for supporting the discrimination between skin sensitisers and non-sensitisers in accordance with the UN GHS. The DPRA is proposed to address the molecular initiating event leading to the skin sensitisation, namely protein reactivity, by quantifying the reactivity of test chemicals towards model synthetic peptides containing either lysine or cysteine. Cysteine and lysine percent peptide depletion values are then calculated and used in a prediction model to categorise a substance in one of four classes of reactivity for supporting the discrimination between skin sensitisers and non-sensitisers.

380.22 --- Concurrentie. Monopolie, duopolie, oligopolie. --- Environment --- Skin tests --- Cutaneous tests --- Provocation tests (Medicine)

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Patent licenses --- Accords sur les licences --- Concurrence --- Propriété industrielle --- Droit --- Politique gouvernementale --- AA / International- internationaal --- 380.22 --- 347.771 --- Concurrentie. Monopolie, duopolie, oligopolie. --- Octrooien. Octrooibureau. Wetenschappelijk eigendom. --- Propriété industrielle --- Concurrentie. Monopolie, duopolie, oligopolie --- Octrooien. Octrooibureau. Wetenschappelijk eigendom

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As most economies remain caught in a global recession, that shows little sign of abatement, the importance of maintaining a flourishing industrial sector for the economic wellbeing of a country has rarely been so relevant.Industrial Organisation has long served as a basic introduction to this subject. The book is concerned with economic problems and policy issues that arise from the activities of firms. The authors reject the traditional micro-economic analysis of market structure in favour of studying conduct and performance in the context of macro-economic policy and the environ

AA / International- internationaal --- 380.22 --- 338.30 --- Concurrentie. Monopolie, duopolie, oligopolie. --- Organisatie van de productie: algemeenheden. --- Industrial organization (Economic theory) --- Industries --- Industrial economics --- Market structure --- Microeconomics --- Organisatie van de productie: algemeenheden --- Concurrentie. Monopolie, duopolie, oligopolie

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James Friedman provides a thorough survey of oligopoly theory using numerical examples and careful verbal explanations to make the ideas clear and accessible. While the earlier ideas of Cournot, Hotelling, and Chamberlin are presented, the larger part of the book is devoted to the modern work on oligopoly that has resulted from the application of dynamic techniques and game theory to this area of economics. The book begins with static oligopoly theory. Cournot's model and its more recent elaborations are covered in the first substantive chapter. Then the Chamberlinian analysis of product differentiation, spatial competition, and characteristics space is set out. The subsequent chapters on modern work deal with reaction functions, advertising, oligopoly with capital, entry, and oligopoly using noncooperative game theory. A large bibliography is provided.

Oligopolies --- Oligopoles --- Microeconomics --- 380.22 --- AA / International- internationaal --- Economic concentration --- Monopolies, Partial --- Partial monopolies --- Competition, Imperfect --- Interorganizational relations --- Concurrentie. Monopolie, duopolie, oligopolie --- Business, Economy and Management --- Economics --- Oligopolies.