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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
breast cancer --- mammary gland --- development --- imaging --- microenviroment --- organoid --- signaling --- omics
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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
Science: general issues --- Biology, life sciences --- breast cancer --- mammary gland --- development --- imaging --- microenviroment --- organoid --- signaling --- omics --- breast cancer --- mammary gland --- development --- imaging --- microenviroment --- organoid --- signaling --- omics
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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
Science: general issues --- Biology, life sciences --- breast cancer --- mammary gland --- development --- imaging --- microenviroment --- organoid --- signaling --- omics
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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia in the elderly. Although it was discovered in the early 1900's, no disease-modifying treatment has been discovered to cure this disease and the pathogenesis still remains enigmatic. Current animal models of the disease cannot recapitulate all hallmarks present in the brains of AD patients. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) whether isolated from the embryo (human embryonic stem cell, hESC) or reprogrammed from somatic cells from a donor (human induced pluripotent stem cells, hiPSC) are an unlimited source of cells that can be differentiated into any cell types of the body. hPSC can therefore be used to generate cell types such as brain cells as models to advance our knowledge in AD. In this project, I generated three reprogrammed hiPSC lines derived from three different familial AD (FAD) patients. These hiPSC lines were validated for pluripotency by immunofluorescence experiments and quantitative PCR to detect the expression of stemness genes. Moreover, I used these hiPSC lines to differentiate spontaneous embryoid bodies that are composed of cells derived from any of the three germ layers of an embryo: endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm. All these experiments confirmed the pluripotency of the hiPSC lines generated. In the next part, I generated cortical brain organoids from wild type hESC and transgenic hESC transduced with the human amyloid precursor protein (APP) carrying FAD mutations. Brain organoids were analysed and characterized for the presence of AD hallmarks in vitro. I confirmed that human brain organoids derived from AD hESC express higher levels of APP. Interestingly, AD hESC-derived organoids revealed some differences related to cortical layer identity as well as lower levels of expression of maturation markers and higher levels of expression of glial markers. Finally, I have observed that AD hESC-derived brain organoids showed increased Tau phosphorylation levels, a major AD hallmark. Overall, this suggests that this model is of potential interest for the study of Alzheimer's disease.
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Cells Organoids --- Cytology --- Cells. --- Organoids. --- Organoid --- Tissue Engineering --- Cell --- Cell Biology --- Cells --- Organoids --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cytologists --- Cytology.
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Recently, stem cells have been drawing increasing interest in basic and translational research that aims to understand stem cell biology and generate new therapies for various disorders. Many stem cells can be cultured in 2D relatively easily using tissue culture plastic. However, many of these cultures do not represent the natural conditions of stem cells in the body. In the body, microenvironments include numerous supporting cells and molecules. Therefore, researchers and clinicians have sought ideal stem cell preparations for basic research and clinical applications, which may be attainable through 3D culture of stem cells. The 3D cultures mimic the conditions of the natural environment of stem cells better, as cells in 3D cultures exhibit many unique and desirable characteristics that could be beneficial for therapeutic interventions. 3D stem cell cultures may employ supporting structures, such as various matrices or scaffolds, in addition to stem cells, to support complex structures. This book brings together recent research on 3D cultures of various stem cells to increase the basic understanding of stem cell culture techniques and also to highlight stem cell preparations for possible novel therapeutic applications.
hematopoiesis --- hematopoietic stem cells --- stem cell culture --- 2D culture --- 3D culture --- embryonic stem cells --- three-dimensional --- self-assembling scaffold --- pluripotency --- culture conditions --- expansion --- growth --- niche --- human cortical progenitors --- silicon pillars --- cell growth --- hiPSC-derived neural progenitors --- cerebral cortex --- carcinogen --- protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) --- intestinal tumor --- intestinal organoid --- Lgr5+ crypt stem cell --- mouse embryonic stem cell --- differentiation protocol --- ureteric bud progenitor cells --- 3D kidney organoids --- intestinal organoids --- canine intestine --- differentiation --- organoid culture --- induced pluripotent stem cells --- neurospheres --- neurite outgrowth --- neurotoxicity --- hBM-MSCs --- cytokines --- tenogenic markers --- cyclic strain --- 3D microenvironment --- PLGA carriers --- bioreactor --- cardiac microtissues --- iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes --- cardiac fibroblasts --- cardiac fibrosis --- cardiac rhythm --- TGF-β signalling --- drug screening --- in vitro model --- stem cell --- 3D --- culture condition --- regenerative medicine --- scaffold --- organoid --- adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells --- stromal vascular fraction --- platelet rich plasma --- platelet concentrates --- veterinary regenerative medicine
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Recently, stem cells have been drawing increasing interest in basic and translational research that aims to understand stem cell biology and generate new therapies for various disorders. Many stem cells can be cultured in 2D relatively easily using tissue culture plastic. However, many of these cultures do not represent the natural conditions of stem cells in the body. In the body, microenvironments include numerous supporting cells and molecules. Therefore, researchers and clinicians have sought ideal stem cell preparations for basic research and clinical applications, which may be attainable through 3D culture of stem cells. The 3D cultures mimic the conditions of the natural environment of stem cells better, as cells in 3D cultures exhibit many unique and desirable characteristics that could be beneficial for therapeutic interventions. 3D stem cell cultures may employ supporting structures, such as various matrices or scaffolds, in addition to stem cells, to support complex structures. This book brings together recent research on 3D cultures of various stem cells to increase the basic understanding of stem cell culture techniques and also to highlight stem cell preparations for possible novel therapeutic applications.
Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- hematopoiesis --- hematopoietic stem cells --- stem cell culture --- 2D culture --- 3D culture --- embryonic stem cells --- three-dimensional --- self-assembling scaffold --- pluripotency --- culture conditions --- expansion --- growth --- niche --- human cortical progenitors --- silicon pillars --- cell growth --- hiPSC-derived neural progenitors --- cerebral cortex --- carcinogen --- protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) --- intestinal tumor --- intestinal organoid --- Lgr5+ crypt stem cell --- mouse embryonic stem cell --- differentiation protocol --- ureteric bud progenitor cells --- 3D kidney organoids --- intestinal organoids --- canine intestine --- differentiation --- organoid culture --- induced pluripotent stem cells --- neurospheres --- neurite outgrowth --- neurotoxicity --- hBM-MSCs --- cytokines --- tenogenic markers --- cyclic strain --- 3D microenvironment --- PLGA carriers --- bioreactor --- cardiac microtissues --- iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes --- cardiac fibroblasts --- cardiac fibrosis --- cardiac rhythm --- TGF-β signalling --- drug screening --- in vitro model --- stem cell --- 3D --- culture condition --- regenerative medicine --- scaffold --- organoid --- adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells --- stromal vascular fraction --- platelet rich plasma --- platelet concentrates --- veterinary regenerative medicine --- hematopoiesis --- hematopoietic stem cells --- stem cell culture --- 2D culture --- 3D culture --- embryonic stem cells --- three-dimensional --- self-assembling scaffold --- pluripotency --- culture conditions --- expansion --- growth --- niche --- human cortical progenitors --- silicon pillars --- cell growth --- hiPSC-derived neural progenitors --- cerebral cortex --- carcinogen --- protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) --- intestinal tumor --- intestinal organoid --- Lgr5+ crypt stem cell --- mouse embryonic stem cell --- differentiation protocol --- ureteric bud progenitor cells --- 3D kidney organoids --- intestinal organoids --- canine intestine --- differentiation --- organoid culture --- induced pluripotent stem cells --- neurospheres --- neurite outgrowth --- neurotoxicity --- hBM-MSCs --- cytokines --- tenogenic markers --- cyclic strain --- 3D microenvironment --- PLGA carriers --- bioreactor --- cardiac microtissues --- iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes --- cardiac fibroblasts --- cardiac fibrosis --- cardiac rhythm --- TGF-β signalling --- drug screening --- in vitro model --- stem cell --- 3D --- culture condition --- regenerative medicine --- scaffold --- organoid --- adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells --- stromal vascular fraction --- platelet rich plasma --- platelet concentrates --- veterinary regenerative medicine
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The Special Issue "In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Colorectal Cancer for Clinical Application", edited by Marta Baiocchi and Ann Zeuner for Cancers, collects original research papers and reviews, depicting the current state and the perspectives of CRC models for preclinical and translational research. Original research papers published in this issue focus on some of the hottest topics in CRC research, such as circulating tumor cells, epigenetic regulation of stemness states, new therapeutic targets, molecular CRC classification and experimental CRC models such as organoids and PDXs. Additionally, four reviews on CRC stem cells, immunotherapy and drug discovery provide an updated viewpoint on key topics linking benchtop to bedside research in CRC.
colorectal cancer --- organoids --- 3D bioprinting --- patient-derived xenograft --- cancer-on-chip --- drug combination --- cancer stem cells --- drug resistance --- clinical trials --- tumor-initiating cells --- tumor heterogeneity --- patient-derived cancer models --- single-cell RNA-sequencing --- tumor metabolism --- transcriptional programs --- tumor cell differentiation --- immunotherapy --- methods --- chromosomal instability --- DNA damage --- targeted therapy --- decitabine --- colon cancer --- DNA methylation --- clinical translation study --- machine learning --- patient-derived tumor organoid --- precision medicine --- radiation response --- rectal cancer --- PDX model --- CRC --- mutation analysis --- histological examination --- animal models --- in vitro culture --- cancer stem cell methods --- SATB2 --- colorectal carcinoma --- prognosis --- CDX2 --- circulating tumor cells --- CTC cluster --- size-based method --- ScreenCell® --- epithelial mesenchymal transition --- hypoxia --- HIF-1α --- immunofluorescence analysis --- sequential filtration
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The cancer stem cell (CSC) paradigm represents one of the most prominent breakthroughs of the last decades in tumor biology. CSCs are that subpopulation within a tumor that can survive conventional therapies and as a consequence are able to fuel tumor recurrence. Nevertheless, the biological characteristics of CSCs and even their existence, remain the main topic among tumor biologists debates. The difficulty in achieving a better definition of CSC biology may actually be explained by the plasticity of such a cell subpopulation. Indeed, the emerging view is that CSCs represent a dynamic “state” of tumor cells that can acquire stemness-related properties under specific circumstances, rather than referring to a well-defined group of cells. Regardless of their origin, it is clear that designing novel antitumor treatments based on the eradication of CSCs will only be possible upon unraveling the biological mechanisms that underlie their pathogenic role in tumor progression and therapy resistance. The Special Issue on “New aspects of cancer stem cell biology: implications for innovative therapies” aims at highlighting recent insights into CSC features that can make them an attractive target for novel therapeutic strategies.
Cadherin 11 --- WNT signaling --- β-catenin --- cancer stem cells --- TNBC --- early breast cancer --- bevacizumab --- neoadjuvant chemotherapy --- ALDH1 --- solid cancer --- chemo-resistance --- HDAC inhibitors --- head and neck squamous cell carcinoma --- SRC --- dasatinib --- saracatinib --- EC-8042 --- Ovarian cancer --- Wnt signaling --- tumor progression --- therapy resistance --- exosomes --- oral cancer risk --- oral epithelial dysplasia --- SOX2 --- immunohistochemistry --- oral squamous cell carcinoma --- genome-wide --- transcriptome --- lung cancer --- ATAC-seq --- RNA-seq --- CSCs --- NSCLC --- B4GALT1 --- LUAD --- breast cancer --- lipid --- metabolism --- therapeutic resistance --- bowel cancer --- organoid --- tumoroid --- colorectal --- colon --- stem cell --- chemotherapy resistance --- ovarian cancer --- cancer stem cell --- genetic heterogeneity --- SNP array --- L1CAM --- chemoresistance --- epithelial-mesenchymal transition --- cancer therapy --- cell adhesion molecule
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The Special Issue "In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Colorectal Cancer for Clinical Application", edited by Marta Baiocchi and Ann Zeuner for Cancers, collects original research papers and reviews, depicting the current state and the perspectives of CRC models for preclinical and translational research. Original research papers published in this issue focus on some of the hottest topics in CRC research, such as circulating tumor cells, epigenetic regulation of stemness states, new therapeutic targets, molecular CRC classification and experimental CRC models such as organoids and PDXs. Additionally, four reviews on CRC stem cells, immunotherapy and drug discovery provide an updated viewpoint on key topics linking benchtop to bedside research in CRC.
Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Microbiology (non-medical) --- colorectal cancer --- organoids --- 3D bioprinting --- patient-derived xenograft --- cancer-on-chip --- drug combination --- cancer stem cells --- drug resistance --- clinical trials --- tumor-initiating cells --- tumor heterogeneity --- patient-derived cancer models --- single-cell RNA-sequencing --- tumor metabolism --- transcriptional programs --- tumor cell differentiation --- immunotherapy --- methods --- chromosomal instability --- DNA damage --- targeted therapy --- decitabine --- colon cancer --- DNA methylation --- clinical translation study --- machine learning --- patient-derived tumor organoid --- precision medicine --- radiation response --- rectal cancer --- PDX model --- CRC --- mutation analysis --- histological examination --- animal models --- in vitro culture --- cancer stem cell methods --- SATB2 --- colorectal carcinoma --- prognosis --- CDX2 --- circulating tumor cells --- CTC cluster --- size-based method --- ScreenCell® --- epithelial mesenchymal transition --- hypoxia --- HIF-1α --- immunofluorescence analysis --- sequential filtration --- colorectal cancer --- organoids --- 3D bioprinting --- patient-derived xenograft --- cancer-on-chip --- drug combination --- cancer stem cells --- drug resistance --- clinical trials --- tumor-initiating cells --- tumor heterogeneity --- patient-derived cancer models --- single-cell RNA-sequencing --- tumor metabolism --- transcriptional programs --- tumor cell differentiation --- immunotherapy --- methods --- chromosomal instability --- DNA damage --- targeted therapy --- decitabine --- colon cancer --- DNA methylation --- clinical translation study --- machine learning --- patient-derived tumor organoid --- precision medicine --- radiation response --- rectal cancer --- PDX model --- CRC --- mutation analysis --- histological examination --- animal models --- in vitro culture --- cancer stem cell methods --- SATB2 --- colorectal carcinoma --- prognosis --- CDX2 --- circulating tumor cells --- CTC cluster --- size-based method --- ScreenCell® --- epithelial mesenchymal transition --- hypoxia --- HIF-1α --- immunofluorescence analysis --- sequential filtration
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