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Drugs, Nonprescription. --- Dextromethorphan. --- Antitussive agents. --- Respiratory agents --- Cough --- DXM (Dextromethorphan) --- Antitussive agents --- Methyl aspartate --- Nonprescription drugs --- OTC drugs --- Over-the-counter drugs --- Drugs --- Health products --- Nonprescription drug industry --- Patent medicines --- Antagonists

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Nonprescription Drugs --- Drugs, Nonprescription --- Medicines, Patent --- Non-Prescription Drugs --- Drugs, Non-Prescription --- Non-Prescription Drug --- Nonprescription Drug --- OTC Drug --- OTC Drugs --- Over-the-Counter Drug --- Over-the-Counter Drugs --- Patent Medicine --- Patent Medicines --- Drug, Non-Prescription --- Drug, Nonprescription --- Drug, OTC --- Drug, Over-the-Counter --- Drugs, Non Prescription --- Drugs, OTC --- Drugs, Over-the-Counter --- Medicine, Patent --- Non Prescription Drug --- Non Prescription Drugs --- Over the Counter Drug --- Over the Counter Drugs --- Pharmacology. Therapy

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Diagnosis. --- Drug Therapy. --- Pharmacists. --- Referral and Consultation. --- Pharmacist and patient. --- Drugs, Nonprescription. --- Symptomatology. --- Relations pharmacien-patient --- Médicaments délivrés sans ordonnance --- Symptomatologie --- Pharmaceutical Services. --- Pharmaceutic Services --- Pharmaceutical Care --- Pharmacy Services --- Services, Pharmaceutic --- Services, Pharmaceutical --- Services, Pharmacy --- Care, Pharmaceutical --- Cares, Pharmaceutical --- Pharmaceutic Service --- Pharmaceutical Cares --- Pharmaceutical Service --- Pharmacy Service --- Service, Pharmaceutic --- Service, Pharmaceutical --- Service, Pharmacy --- Therapy, Drug --- Chemotherapy --- Pharmacotherapy --- Chemotherapies --- Drug Therapies --- Pharmacotherapies --- Therapies, Drug --- Disease --- Pharmaceutical Preparations --- Pharmacologic Actions --- Antemortem Diagnosis --- Diagnoses and Examinations --- Examinations and Diagnoses --- Postmortem Diagnosis --- Antemortem Diagnoses --- Diagnoses --- Diagnoses, Antemortem --- Diagnoses, Postmortem --- Diagnosis, Antemortem --- Diagnosis, Postmortem --- Postmortem Diagnoses --- drug therapy --- therapeutic use --- diagnosis --- Symptoms. --- Médicaments délivrés sans ordonnance --- Drugs, Nonprescription --- Pharmacist and patient --- Symptoms --- Diagnosis --- Drug Therapy --- Pharmaceutical Services --- Clinical signs --- Disease symptoms --- Diseases --- Semiology --- Semiology (Medicine) --- Signs, Clinical --- Signs and symptoms --- Symptomatology --- Symptomology --- Patient and pharmacist --- Patients --- Nonprescription drugs --- OTC drugs --- Over-the-counter drugs --- Drugs --- Health products --- Nonprescription drug industry --- Patent medicines --- Diagnose

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The interest in opioids such as morphine, the prototypical opioid ligand, has been maintained through the years. The identification of endogenous opioids and their receptors (mu, delta, kappa, and nociceptin), molecular cloning, and the elucidation of the crystal structures of opioid receptors represent key milestones in opioid research. The opioid system modulates numerous pharmacological responses, with therapeutic (i.e., analgesia) and detrimental side effects (i.e., addiction). The medical use and misuse of opioids have dramatically increased, leading to the 21st century opioid crisis. This book presents recent developments in opioid drug discovery, specifically in the medicinal chemistry and pharmacology of new ligands targeting the opioid receptors as effective and safe therapeutics for human diseases. Furthermore, it draws a special attention to advancing concepts and strategies in opioid drug discovery to mitigate opioid liabilities. The diversity among the discussed topics is a testimony to the complexity of the opioid system, which results from the expression, regulation, and functional role of ligands and receptors. The array of multidisciplinary research areas illustrates the rapidly developing basic research and translational activities in opioid drug discovery. This book will serve as a useful reference while also stimulating continued research in the chemistry and pharmacology of opioids and their receptors, with the prospect of developing improved therapies for human diseases, but also improving health and quality of life in general.

Medicine --- opioid receptors --- neurokinin-1 receptor --- peptide synthesis --- receptor binding studies --- functional assay --- writhing test --- tolerance --- Leu-enkephalin --- beta-arrestin --- mu opioid receptor --- delta opioid receptor --- biased signaling --- DADLE --- ischemia --- plasma stability --- morphinan --- BNTX --- δ opioid receptor antagonist --- 1H-NMR experiments --- mechanism elucidation --- peripheral antinociception --- 14-methoxycodeine-6-O-sulfate --- codeine-6-O-sulfate --- opioid peptides and peptidomimetics --- DAMGO --- DALDA --- [Dmt1]DALDA --- KGOP01 --- binding --- molecular docking --- structure-activity relationships --- β2-amino acids --- β2-Homo-amino acids --- µ-opioid receptor --- opioid peptides --- TAPP --- racemic synthesis of β2-amino acids --- peripheral µ-opioid receptors --- analgesia --- peripheral analgesic tolerance --- dysbiosis --- opioid --- bifunctional ligands --- (−)-N-phenethylnorhydromorphone analogs --- [35S]GTPgammaS assay --- forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation assays --- β-arrestin recruitment assays --- MOR and DOR agonists --- respiratory depression --- bias factor --- molecular modeling &amp --- simulation --- δ opioid receptor --- NTI derivative --- sulfonamide --- inverse agonist --- neutral antagonist --- agonist --- opioids --- mu receptor --- opioid side effects --- biased agonism --- partial agonism --- zerumbone --- chronic constriction injury (CCI) --- allodynia --- hyperalgesia --- potassium channels --- over-the-counter drugs --- misuse --- abuse --- opioid drugs --- pharmacology --- codeine --- dihydrocodeine --- loperamide --- opioid peptide --- macrocyclic tetrapeptide --- multifunctional ligands --- kappa opioid receptor --- analgesics --- opioid liabilities --- μ opioid receptor --- receptor model --- biased ligands --- dependence --- pain therapy --- neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome --- naltrexone --- 6β-naltrexol --- buprenorphine --- G-protein bias --- arrestin recruitment --- respiration --- mitragynine --- heteromer --- internalization --- primary hippocampal culture --- lysosomes --- µ opioid receptor --- molecular dynamics --- docking --- interaction fingerprints --- biased agonists --- SR-17018 --- PZM21 --- morphine --- fentanyl --- diphenethylamines --- design and synthesis --- structure–activity relationships --- partial agonist --- biased agonist --- antagonist --- binding affinity --- selectivity --- n/a

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Medicine, Chinese Traditional --- Nonprescription Drugs --- Drugs, Chinese Herbal --- Medicine, East Asian Traditional --- Pharmaceutical Preparations --- Plant Extracts --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Plant Preparations --- Medicine, Traditional --- Culture --- Biological Products --- Complementary Therapies --- Therapeutics --- Anthropology, Cultural --- Complex Mixtures --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Anthropology --- Social Sciences --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Pharmacy, Therapeutics, & Pharmacology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Science, Social --- Sciences, Social --- Social Science --- Complex Extracts --- Crude Extracts --- Extracts, Complex --- Extracts, Crude --- Complex Extract --- Complex Mixture --- Crude Extract --- Mixtures, Complex --- Extract, Complex --- Extract, Crude --- Mixture, Complex --- Cultural Anthropology --- Material Culture --- Ethnography --- Culture, Material --- Ethnographies --- Material Cultures --- Qualitative Research --- Therapy --- Treatment --- Therapeutic --- Therapies --- Treatments --- Disease --- Alternative Therapies --- Therapy, Alternative --- Therapy, Complementary --- Alternative Medicine --- Complementary Medicine --- Medicine, Alternative --- Medicine, Complementary --- Therapies, Alternative --- Therapies, Complementary --- Biologic Drugs --- Biologic Medicines --- Biologic Pharmaceuticals --- Biologic Products --- Biological Drugs --- Biological Medicines --- Biologicals --- Biopharmaceuticals --- Products, Biological --- Biologic --- Biologic Drug --- Biologic Product --- Biological --- Biological Drug --- Biological Medicine --- Biological Product --- Biologics --- Biopharmaceutical --- Natural Product --- Natural Products --- Drug, Biologic --- Drug, Biological --- Drugs, Biologic --- Drugs, Biological --- Medicine, Biological --- Medicines, Biologic --- Medicines, Biological --- Pharmaceuticals, Biologic --- Product, Biologic --- Product, Biological --- Product, Natural --- Biological Factors --- Beliefs --- Cultural Background --- Cultural Relativism --- Customs --- Background, Cultural --- Backgrounds, Cultural --- Belief --- Cultural Backgrounds --- Cultural Relativisms --- Cultures --- Relativism, Cultural --- Relativisms, Cultural --- Indigenous Medicine --- Primitive Medicine --- Traditional Medicine --- Ethnomedicine --- Folk Medicine --- Folk Remedies --- Home Remedies --- Medicine, Folk --- Medicine, Indigenous --- Medicine, Primitive --- Folk Remedy --- Home Remedy --- Remedies, Folk --- Remedies, Home --- Remedy, Folk --- Remedy, Home --- Traditional Pulse Diagnosis --- Materia Medica --- Nostrums --- Pharmacognosy --- Plants, Medicinal --- Ethnopharmacology --- Herbal Preparation --- Plant Preparation --- Herbal Preparations --- Preparation, Plant --- Plant Extract --- Extract, Plant --- Extracts, Plant --- Phytotherapy --- Pharmaceutic Preparations --- Pharmaceutical Products --- Pharmaceuticals --- Preparations, Pharmaceutical --- Drug --- Drugs --- Pharmaceutical --- Pharmaceutical Preparation --- Pharmaceutical Product --- Preparation, Pharmaceutical --- Preparations, Pharmaceutic --- Product, Pharmaceutical --- Products, Pharmaceutical --- Pharmacology --- Drug Dosage Calculations --- East Asian Medicine --- East Asian Traditional Medicine --- Medicine, East Asia --- Medicine, Far East --- Medicine, Oriental --- Medicine, Oriental Traditional --- Medicine, Traditional, East Asia --- Oriental Medicine --- Oriental Medicine, Traditional --- Oriental Traditional Medicine --- Traditional East Asian Medicine --- Traditional Far Eastern Medicine --- Traditional Medicine, Oriental --- Traditional Medicine, East Asia --- Asia Medicines, East --- East Asia Medicine --- East Asia Medicines --- East Asian Medicines --- East Medicine, Far --- East Medicines, Far --- Far East Medicine --- Far East Medicines --- Medicine, East Asian --- Medicine, Traditional Oriental --- Medicines, East Asia --- Medicines, Far East --- Traditional Oriental Medicine --- Traditional Oriental Medicines --- Chinese Drugs, Plant --- Chinese Herbal Drugs --- Plant Extracts, Chinese --- Chinese Plant Extracts --- Extracts, Chinese Plant --- Herbal Drugs, Chinese --- Reishi --- Drugs, Nonprescription --- Medicines, Patent --- Non-Prescription Drugs --- Drugs, Non-Prescription --- Non-Prescription Drug --- Nonprescription Drug --- OTC Drug --- OTC Drugs --- Over-the-Counter Drug --- Over-the-Counter Drugs --- Patent Medicine --- Patent Medicines --- Drug, Non-Prescription --- Drug, Nonprescription --- Drug, OTC --- Drug, Over-the-Counter --- Drugs, Non Prescription --- Drugs, OTC --- Drugs, Over-the-Counter --- Medicine, Patent --- Non Prescription Drug --- Non Prescription Drugs --- Over the Counter Drug --- Over the Counter Drugs --- Chinese Traditional Medicine --- Traditional Chinese Medicine --- Traditional Tongue Assessment --- Traditional Tongue Diagnosis --- Chinese Medicine, Traditional --- Chung I Hsueh --- Traditional Medicine, Chinese --- Zhong Yi Xue --- Hsueh, Chung I --- Tongue Assessment, Traditional --- Tongue Diagnoses, Traditional --- Tongue Diagnosis, Traditional --- Traditional Tongue Assessments --- Traditional Tongue Diagnoses --- Acupuncture Therapy --- Medicine, Kampo --- therapy --- Drugs, Chinese Herbal. --- Medicine, Chinese Traditional. --- Nonprescription Drugs.