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Book
The golden ticket : P, NP, and the search for the impossible
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ISBN: 9780691156491 0691156492 1400846617 9781400846610 1299156568 9781299156562 Year: 2013 Publisher: Princeton : Princeton University Press,

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Abstract

"The P-NP problem is the most important open problem in computer science, if not all of mathematics. The Golden Ticket provides a nontechnical introduction to P-NP, its rich history, and its algorithmic implications for everything we do with computers and beyond. In this informative and entertaining book, Lance Fortnow traces how the problem arose during the Cold War on both sides of the Iron Curtain, and gives examples of the problem from a variety of disciplines, including economics, physics, and biology. He explores problems that capture the full difficulty of the P-NP dilemma, from discovering the shortest route through all the rides at Disney World to finding large groups of friends on Facebook. But difficulty also has its advantages. Hard problems allow us to safely conduct electronic commerce and maintain privacy in our online lives. The Golden Ticket explores what we truly can and cannot achieve computationally, describing the benefits and unexpected challenges of the P-NP problem"--

Keywords

Computer science --- NP-complete problems. --- Computer algorithms. --- Problems, NP-complete --- Computational complexity --- Algorithms --- NP-complete problems --- Computer algorithms --- Mathematics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Algebra --- MATHEMATICS / Mathematical Analysis. --- MATHEMATICS / Linear Programming. --- MATHEMATICS / History & Philosophy. --- COMPUTERS / Programming / Algorithms. --- Facebook. --- Frenemy. --- Hamiltonian paths. --- Internet. --- Ketan Mulmuley. --- Leonid Levin. --- Martin Hellman. --- NP problem. --- NP problems. --- NP-complete. --- P versus NP problem. --- P versus NP. --- Richard Feynman. --- Steve Cook. --- Twitter. --- Urbana algorithm. --- Whitfield Diffie. --- academic work. --- algebraic geometry. --- algorithm. --- algorithms. --- approximation. --- big data. --- computational problems. --- computer science. --- computers. --- computing. --- cryptography. --- cryptosystem. --- database. --- decryption. --- digital computers. --- efficient algorithms. --- efficient computation. --- encryption. --- factoring. --- fast computers. --- graph isomorphism. --- heuristics. --- linear programming. --- mathematics. --- max-cut. --- network security. --- networking. --- new technologies. --- parallel computation. --- perebor. --- prime numbers. --- problems. --- programming. --- public-key cryptography. --- quantum computers. --- quantum computing. --- quantum cryptography. --- quantum mechanics. --- quantum physical systems. --- research community. --- secret messages. --- social networking data. --- solution. --- teleportation.


Book
The discrete charm of the machine : why the world became digital
Author:
ISBN: 0691184178 9780691184173 0691179433 9780691179438 Year: 2019 Publisher: Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press,

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"A few short decades ago, we were informed by the smooth signals of analog television and radio; we communicated using our analog telephones; and we even computed with analog computers. Today our world is digital, built with zeros and ones. Why did this revolution occur? The Discrete Charm of the Machine explains, in an engaging and accessible manner, the varied physical and logical reasons behind this radical transformation. The spark of individual genius shines through this story of innovation: the stored program of Jacquard’s loom; Charles Babbage’s logical branching; Alan Turing’s brilliant abstraction of the discrete machine; Harry Nyquist’s foundation for digital signal processing; Claude Shannon’s breakthrough insights into the meaning of information and bandwidth; and Richard Feynman’s prescient proposals for nanotechnology and quantum computing. Ken Steiglitz follows the progression of these ideas in the building of our digital world, from the internet and artificial intelligence to the edge of the unknown. Are questions like the famous traveling salesman problem truly beyond the reach of ordinary digital computers? Can quantum computers transcend these barriers? Does a mysterious magical power reside in the analog mechanisms of the brain? Steiglitz concludes by confronting the moral and aesthetic questions raised by the development of artificial intelligence and autonomous robots. The Discrete Charm of the Machine examines why our information technology, the lifeblood of our civilization, became digital, and challenges us to think about where its future trajectory may lead." -- Publisher's description.

Keywords

Digital communications. --- Technological innovations. --- Breakthroughs, Technological --- Innovations, Industrial --- Innovations, Technological --- Technical innovations --- Technological breakthroughs --- Technological change --- Creative ability in technology --- Inventions --- Domestication of technology --- Innovation relay centers --- Research, Industrial --- Technology transfer --- Communications, Digital --- Digital transmission --- Pulse communication --- Digital electronics --- Pulse techniques (Electronics) --- Telecommunication --- Digital media --- Signal processing --- Digital techniques --- Digital communications --- Technological innovations --- AND gate. --- Alan Turing. --- Algorithm. --- Analog computer. --- Analog device. --- Analog signal. --- Analog-to-digital converter. --- Artificial neural network. --- Autonomous robot. --- Bell's theorem. --- Calculation. --- Charles Babbage. --- Church–Turing thesis. --- Classical physics. --- Claude Shannon. --- Compact disc. --- Computation. --- Computer music. --- Computer program. --- Computer science. --- Computer scientist. --- Computer. --- Computing. --- Data transmission. --- Detection. --- Difference engine. --- Differential equation. --- Digital data. --- Digital electronics. --- Digital signal processing. --- Digital signal. --- Diode. --- Electrical network. --- Electricity. --- Electromagnetic radiation. --- Electronics. --- Exponential growth. --- Field-effect transistor. --- Fourier analysis. --- High frequency. --- Information theory. --- Instance (computer science). --- Instruction set. --- Integrated circuit. --- Integrator. --- Isaac Asimov. --- Johnson–Nyquist noise. --- Laptop. --- Laughter. --- Logarithm. --- Low frequency. --- Mathematician. --- Mathematics. --- Measurement. --- Microphone. --- Microphotograph. --- Microscope. --- Molecule. --- Moore's law. --- NP-completeness. --- Optical fiber. --- P versus NP problem. --- Patch panel. --- Photograph. --- Photon. --- Physicist. --- Probability. --- Processing (programming language). --- Proportionality (mathematics). --- Punched card. --- Quantity. --- Quantum computing. --- Quantum mechanics. --- Radio wave. --- Resistor. --- Result. --- Retransmission (data networks). --- Richard Feynman. --- Scientist. --- Semiconductor. --- Shot noise. --- Silicon. --- Simulation. --- Solid-state electronics. --- Sound recording and reproduction. --- Standardization. --- Technology. --- Television. --- Theorem. --- Theoretical computer science. --- Time complexity. --- Transistor. --- Turing machine. --- Uncertainty. --- Vacuum tube. --- Vacuum. --- Video. --- Wafer (electronics). --- Wave–particle duality. --- Your Computer (British magazine).


Book
What can be computed? : a practical guide to the theory of computation
Author:
Year: 2018 Publisher: Princeton, New Jersey : Princeton University Press,

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What Can Be Computed? is a uniquely accessible yet rigorous introduction to the most profound ideas at the heart of computer science. Crafted specifically for undergraduates who are studying the subject for the first time, and requiring minimal prerequisites, the book focuses on the essential fundamentals of computer science theory and features a practical approach that uses real computer programs (Python and Java) and encourages active experimentation. It is also ideal for self-study and reference. The book covers the standard topics in the theory of computation, including Turing machines and finite automata, universal computation, nondeterminism, Turing and Karp reductions, undecidability, time-complexity classes such as P and NP, and NP-completeness, including the Cook-Levin Theorem. But the book also provides a broader view of computer science and its historical development, with discussions of Turing's original 1936 computing machines, the connections between undecidability and Gödel's incompleteness theorem, and Karp's famous set of twenty-one NP-complete problems. Throughout, the book recasts traditional computer science concepts by considering how computer programs are used to solve real problems. Standard theorems are stated and proven with full mathematical rigor, but motivation and understanding are enhanced by considering concrete implementations. The book's examples and other content allow readers to view demonstrations of--and to experiment with--a wide selection of the topics it covers. The result is an ideal text for an introduction to the theory of computation.

Keywords

Informática --- Informática --- Informática --- Programación de ordenadores --- Historia --- Filosofía --- AKS primality test. --- AND gate. --- ASCII. --- Addition. --- Algorithm. --- Asymptotic analysis. --- Axiom. --- Binary search algorithm. --- Boolean satisfiability problem. --- C0. --- Calculation. --- Church–Turing thesis. --- Combinatorial search. --- Compiler. --- Complexity class. --- Computability theory. --- Computability. --- Computable function. --- Computable number. --- Computation. --- Computational model. --- Computational problem. --- Computer program. --- Computer. --- Computers and Intractability. --- Computing. --- Conditional (computer programming). --- Counting. --- Decision problem. --- Deterministic finite automaton. --- Elaboration. --- Entscheidungsproblem. --- Equation. --- Exponentiation. --- FNP (complexity). --- Factorization. --- For loop. --- Function problem. --- Halting problem. --- Hilbert's program. --- Indent style. --- Instance (computer science). --- Instruction set. --- Integer overflow. --- Integer. --- Interpreter (computing). --- Iteration. --- List comprehension. --- Mathematical induction. --- Model of computation. --- NP (complexity). --- NP-completeness. --- NP-hardness. --- Notation. --- OR gate. --- Optimization problem. --- P versus NP problem. --- Permutation. --- Polylogarithmic function. --- Polynomial. --- Potential method. --- Primality test. --- Prime number. --- Program analysis. --- Pseudocode. --- Pumping lemma. --- Python (programming language). --- Quantifier (logic). --- Quantum algorithm. --- Radix sort. --- Random-access machine. --- Recursive language. --- Regular expression. --- Rice's theorem. --- Rule 110. --- Schematic. --- Search problem. --- Set (abstract data type). --- Simulation. --- Snippet (programming). --- Solution set. --- Solver. --- Source code. --- Special case. --- State diagram. --- Statement (computer science). --- Subsequence. --- Subset. --- Summation. --- Theory of computation. --- Thread (computing). --- Time complexity. --- Transition function. --- Tseytin transformation. --- Turing machine. --- Turing reduction. --- Turing test. --- Turing's proof. --- Variable (mathematics). --- Workaround.


Book
Robust optimization
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 1282259288 9786612259289 1400831059 0691143684 9780691143682 9781400831050 9781282259287 6612259280 Year: 2009 Publisher: Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press,

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Robust optimization is still a relatively new approach to optimization problems affected by uncertainty, but it has already proved so useful in real applications that it is difficult to tackle such problems today without considering this powerful methodology. Written by the principal developers of robust optimization, and describing the main achievements of a decade of research, this is the first book to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the subject. Robust optimization is designed to meet some major challenges associated with uncertainty-affected optimization problems: to operate under lack of full information on the nature of uncertainty; to model the problem in a form that can be solved efficiently; and to provide guarantees about the performance of the solution. The book starts with a relatively simple treatment of uncertain linear programming, proceeding with a deep analysis of the interconnections between the construction of appropriate uncertainty sets and the classical chance constraints (probabilistic) approach. It then develops the robust optimization theory for uncertain conic quadratic and semidefinite optimization problems and dynamic (multistage) problems. The theory is supported by numerous examples and computational illustrations. An essential book for anyone working on optimization and decision making under uncertainty, Robust Optimization also makes an ideal graduate textbook on the subject.

Keywords

Robust optimization. --- Linear programming. --- 519.8 --- 681.3*G16 --- 681.3*G16 Optimization: constrained optimization; gradient methods; integer programming; least squares methods; linear programming; nonlinear programming (Numericalanalysis) --- Optimization: constrained optimization; gradient methods; integer programming; least squares methods; linear programming; nonlinear programming (Numericalanalysis) --- 519.8 Operational research --- Operational research --- Robust optimization --- Linear programming --- Optimisation robuste --- Programmation linéaire --- Optimization, Robust --- RO (Robust optimization) --- Mathematical optimization --- Production scheduling --- Programming (Mathematics) --- 0O. --- Accuracy and precision. --- Additive model. --- Almost surely. --- Approximation algorithm. --- Approximation. --- Best, worst and average case. --- Bifurcation theory. --- Big O notation. --- Candidate solution. --- Central limit theorem. --- Chaos theory. --- Coefficient. --- Computational complexity theory. --- Constrained optimization. --- Convex hull. --- Convex optimization. --- Convex set. --- Cumulative distribution function. --- Curse of dimensionality. --- Decision problem. --- Decision rule. --- Degeneracy (mathematics). --- Diagram (category theory). --- Duality (optimization). --- Dynamic programming. --- Exponential function. --- Feasible region. --- Floor and ceiling functions. --- For All Practical Purposes. --- Free product. --- Ideal solution. --- Identity matrix. --- Inequality (mathematics). --- Infimum and supremum. --- Integer programming. --- Law of large numbers. --- Likelihood-ratio test. --- Linear dynamical system. --- Linear inequality. --- Linear map. --- Linear matrix inequality. --- Linear regression. --- Loss function. --- Margin classifier. --- Markov chain. --- Markov decision process. --- Mathematical optimization. --- Max-plus algebra. --- Maxima and minima. --- Multivariate normal distribution. --- NP-hardness. --- Norm (mathematics). --- Normal distribution. --- Optimal control. --- Optimization problem. --- Orientability. --- P versus NP problem. --- Pairwise. --- Parameter. --- Parametric family. --- Probability distribution. --- Probability. --- Proportionality (mathematics). --- Quantity. --- Random variable. --- Relative interior. --- Robust control. --- Robust decision-making. --- Semi-infinite. --- Sensitivity analysis. --- Simple set. --- Singular value. --- Skew-symmetric matrix. --- Slack variable. --- Special case. --- Spherical model. --- Spline (mathematics). --- State variable. --- Stochastic calculus. --- Stochastic control. --- Stochastic optimization. --- Stochastic programming. --- Stochastic. --- Strong duality. --- Support vector machine. --- Theorem. --- Time complexity. --- Uncertainty. --- Uniform distribution (discrete). --- Unimodality. --- Upper and lower bounds. --- Variable (mathematics). --- Virtual displacement. --- Weak duality. --- Wiener filter. --- With high probability. --- Without loss of generality.

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