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"Recent years have witnessed exciting developments in international negotiations, litigation, and scholarship about climate change, but doctrinal research in the field remains in its infancy. In particular, little is known about how fast states are required to limit and reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. This book presents a first comprehensive doctrinal study of states' obligations on climate change mitigation. It shows that such obligations arise not only from climate treaties, but also from customary international law, unilateral declarations, and, possibly, human rights treaties. It also explores the interactions between these multiple obligations. The first part of the book identifies the relevant obligations through an analysis of treaties, custom, and other sources of international law. Beyond express quantified commitments contained for instance in nationally determined contributions, the book sheds light on the existence of general obligations of due diligence. While these general obligations are difficult to interpret, they are often more demanding. The second part explores how these general obligations can be applied objectively, for instance by a court, in concrete cases. Instead of an improbable judicial assessment of a state's requisite level of mitigation action, the book shows the possibility of assessing a state's conduct based on the measures that general mitigation obligations entail. These measures relate to corollary duties of cooperation, vigilance, and consistency. The book's thorough analysis is written in an accessible language. It should be read by anyone with an academic or practical interest in climate law"--

climate change mitigation, international law --- Paris Agreement, customary international law

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Based on the author's eight years of fieldwork with the United Nations-led Conference of Parties (COP), In Quest of a Shared Planet offers an illuminating first-person ethnographic perspective on climate change negotiations. Focusing on the Paris Agreement, anthropologist Naveeda Khan introduces readers to the only existing global approach to the problem of climate change, one that took nearly thirty years to be collectively agreed upon. She shares her detailed descriptions of COP21 to COP25 and growing understanding of the intricacies of the climate negotiation process, leading her to ask why countries of the Global South invested in this slow-moving process and to explore how they have maneuvered it.

Climatic changes --- International cooperation. --- Economic aspects. --- Bangladesh. --- Climate governance. --- Climate negotiations. --- Environmental Activism. --- Global South. --- Loss and Damage. --- The Paris Agreement. --- UNFCCC.

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The urgency to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly in the agricultural sector, has become paramount in the wake of escalating climate change. This urgency is underscored by the Paris Agreement's ambitious goal of limiting the temperature rise to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sectors, accountable for 22% of total global emissions, have been identified as significant contributors. This paper addresses the imperative need for strategic and comprehensive actions within agriculture to align with the 1.5°C pathway.
Focusing on two critical crops essential to the modern diet – rice and cocoa – this master's thesis aims to assess GHG emissions comprehensively, identify principal sources of emissions, and propose agricultural interventions with high GHG abatement potential. The research considers India as a major rice producer and exporter and Ivory Coast as the largest cacao bean producer and exporter globally.
Challenges in achieving emission reduction targets include the immense scale and heterogeneity of agricultural production systems. Each production system, influenced by factors such as geography, type of production, and farming practices, exhibits different emission sources and magnitudes. Moreover, farmers lack adequate incentives to adopt novel methods and technologies crucial for climate change mitigation.
The results reveal that direct emissions dominate in rice cultivation, primarily methane and nitrous oxide emissions from flooded paddy rice fields. In contrast, land use changes due to massive deforestation to accommodate growing demand for cacao accounts for most of the emissions in this agricultural sector. The paper identifies interventions such as alternate wetting and drying in rice cultivation and agroforestry in cacao production as effective strategies for climate mitigation.
However, significant knowledge gaps exist regarding the applicability, costs, and barriers to implementing these interventions. Enhanced research and development efforts are necessary to address these gaps and foster adoption by farmers. Transparent methodologies and accurate estimations of GHG abatement are crucial for guiding strategies toward achieving net-zero emissions by 2050 and aligning with the goals of the Paris Agreement.
In conclusion, while challenges remain, agriculture holds the potential to achieve net-zero emissions with sufficient support, motivation, and concerted efforts across stakeholders. Enhanced research, development, and adoption of sustainable practices are essential for realizing this potential and mitigating the impacts of climate change on global food security.

greenhouse gases --- carbon footprint --- climate mitigation --- abatement strategy --- rice --- cacao beans --- cocoa --- interventions --- Paris Agreement --- net zero emissions --- climate change --- Ingénierie, informatique & technologie > Multidisciplinaire, généralités & autres

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The Paris Agreement, an international treaty on climate change, was adopted by 196 states and started a legislative and economic race to limit global warming. Based on this, the EU presented the EU Green Deal in 2019 as the overarching legal framework aiming for the global objective of the Paris Agreement. As part of the EU Green Deal, the EU intends to decouple economic growth from resource use and ensure no net emissions of greenhouse gases by 2050. I investigated whether the environmental performance in the European utility industry is a corporate financial cost or benefit. Altogether, I found both positive and negative linear correlations between corporate carbon emissions and the cost of capital in the European utility industry in the period between 2015 and 2022. On the one hand, an inverse linear correlation is explainable by conservative investors' belief that increased carbon emissions as an indicator signals increased production and economic growth. On the other hand, a positive linear correlation is explainable by the existence of a carbon (-transition) risk.

Paris Agreement --- EU Green Deal --- European utility industry --- sustainable finance --- environmental performance --- cost of capital --- emissions reductions --- corporate carbon emissions --- decarbonisation --- carbon transition risk --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Finance

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"Providing in-depth coverage of each article of the Paris Agreement, this Commentary offers a comprehensive, legal analysis of this most recent and important international instrument on climate change. This provision-by-provision textual analysis examines the commitments that parties to the Agreement have made to undertake ambitious efforts to combat climate change and adapt to its effects, whilst providing additional support to developing countries. Describing the history, implementation and operation of the Paris Agreement, this Commentary is indispensable for obtaining a deep and nuanced understanding of the way in which the global community seeks to intensify its efforts to address climate change. Written by internationally renowned contributors, it discusses recent examples of implementation of the Agreement and nationally determined contributions (NDCs). Clearly written and accessible, this Commentary will be a vital resource for policy makers and government officials involved in climate change across the globe, whilst also being valuable for practitioners, scholars and students of climate change law and policy"--

Climatic changes --- Law and legislation --- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change --- Climat --- Law and legislation. --- Changements --- Droit. --- Nations Unies. --- Climate change mitigation --- Environmental law --- Liability for climatic change damages --- Paris Agreement --- Accord de Paris --- Acuerdo de París --- Pariser Abkommen --- International private law --- klimaatverandering --- Paris --- Commercial law. Economic law (general) --- International law