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What does the durability of political institutions have to do with how actors form knowledge about them? Andreas Glaeser investigates this question in the context of a fascinating historical case: socialist East Germany's unexpected self-dissolution in 1989. His analysis builds on extensive in-depth interviews with former secret police officers and the dissidents they tried to control as well as research into the documents both groups produced. In particular, Glaeser analyzes how these two opposing factions' understanding of the socialist project came to change in response to countless everyday experiences. These investigations culminate in answers to two questions: why did the officers not defend socialism by force? And how was the formation of dissident understandings possible in a state that monopolized mass communication and group formation? He also explores why the Stasi, although always well informed about dissident activities, never developed a realistic understanding of the phenomenon of dissidence. Out of this ambitious study, Glaeser extracts two distinct lines of thought. On the one hand he offers an epistemic account of socialism's failure that differs markedly from existing explanations. On the other hand he develops a theory-a sociology of understanding-that shows us how knowledge can appear validated while it is at the same time completely misleading.

Socialism --- Germany (East). --- Germany (Democratic Republic, 1949- ). --- Stasi --- MfS --- Staatssicherheitsdienst der DDR --- Germany (East) --- Politics and government. --- secret police, east germany, socialism, dissolution, politics, government, dissidents, political prisoners, revolution, resistance, protest, military, mass communication, group formation, stasi, rebellion, right consciousness, marx, party state, totalitarianism, opposition, nonfiction, history, men, masculinity, manhood, citizen, subject, authority, networks, discourse, disenchantment, disengagement, ideology.

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The transformation of the American South--from authoritarian to democratic rule--is the most important political development since World War II. It has re-sorted voters into parties, remapped presidential elections, and helped polarize Congress. Most important, it is the final step in America's democratization. Paths Out of Dixie illuminates this sea change by analyzing the democratization experiences of Georgia, Mississippi, and South Carolina. Robert Mickey argues that Southern states, from the 1890's until the early 1970's, constituted pockets of authoritarian rule trapped within and sustained by a federal democracy. These enclaves--devoted to cheap agricultural labor and white supremacy--were established by conservative Democrats to protect their careers and clients. From the abolition of the whites-only Democratic primary in 1944 until the national party reforms of the early 1970's, enclaves were battered and destroyed by a series of democratization pressures from inside and outside their borders. Drawing on archival research, Mickey traces how Deep South rulers--dissimilar in their internal conflict and political institutions--varied in their responses to these challenges. Ultimately, enclaves differed in their degree of violence, incorporation of African Americans, and reconciliation of Democrats with the national party. These diverse paths generated political and economic legacies that continue to reverberate today. Focusing on enclave rulers, their governance challenges, and the monumental achievements of their adversaries, Paths Out of Dixie shows how the struggles of the recent past have reshaped the South and, in so doing, America's political development.

Democratization --- Since 1865 --- Southern States --- Politics and government --- African Americans. --- American political development. --- Brown v. Board of Education. --- Civil Rights Act 1964. --- Clemson College. --- Deep South. --- Dixiecrats. --- Georgia. --- Harry S. Truman. --- Herman Talmadge. --- James Meredith. --- Mississippi. --- National Democratic Party. --- Reconstruction. --- Republicans. --- Smith v. Allwright. --- South Carolina. --- South. --- States' Rights Party. --- U.S. Supreme Court. --- University of Georgia. --- University of Mississippi. --- Voting Rights Act 1965. --- White Citizens' Council. --- authoritarian enclaves. --- authoritarian rule. --- black education. --- black insurgency. --- black politics. --- black protest. --- democracy. --- democratic rule. --- democratization. --- desegregation. --- economic development. --- elites. --- factional conflict. --- harnessed revolution. --- intraparty conflict. --- massive resistance. --- one-party rule. --- party factionalism. --- party reforms. --- party-state capacity. --- partyгtate institutions. --- political authority. --- political culture. --- political development. --- political geography. --- presidential elections. --- racial equality. --- regime change. --- subnational authoritarianism. --- subnational democratization. --- suffrage. --- voting rights. --- white primary. --- white supremacy.

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The Soldier and the Changing State is the first book to systematically explore, on a global scale, civil-military relations in democratizing and changing states. Looking at how armies supportive of democracy are built, Zoltan Barany argues that the military is the most important institution that states maintain, for without military elites who support democratic governance, democracy cannot be consolidated. Barany also demonstrates that building democratic armies is the quintessential task of newly democratizing regimes. But how do democratic armies come about? What conditions encourage or impede democratic civil-military relations? And how can the state ensure the allegiance of its soldiers? Barany examines the experiences of developing countries and the armed forces in the context of major political change in six specific settings: in the wake of war and civil war, after military and communist regimes, and following colonialism and unification/apartheid. He evaluates the army-building and democratization experiences of twenty-seven countries and explains which predemocratic settings are most conducive to creating a military that will support democracy. Highlighting important factors and suggesting which reforms can be expected to work and fail in different environments, he offers practical policy recommendations to state-builders and democratizers.

Armed Forces --- Civil-military relations --- Armed Services --- Military, The --- Military art and science --- Disarmament --- Military and civilian power --- Military-civil relations --- Executive power --- Sociology, Military --- Military government --- Reorganization --- 1947 Partition. --- Argentina. --- Bangladesh. --- Bosnia and Herzegovina. --- Botswana. --- British colonial rule. --- Chile. --- Cold War. --- El Salvador. --- European Union. --- Germany. --- Ghana. --- Greece. --- Guatemala. --- Hezbollah. --- Hungary. --- India independence. --- Indonesia. --- Japan. --- Lebanese Armed Forces. --- Lebanese civil war. --- NATO. --- Pakistan independence. --- Portugal. --- Portuguese civilЭilitary relations. --- Romania. --- Royal Thai Armed Forces. --- Russia. --- Russian military politics. --- Shi'a Islamist organization. --- Slovenia. --- South Africa. --- South Korea. --- Soviet Union. --- Spain. --- Spanish military. --- Tanzania. --- Territorial Defense Force. --- Thailand. --- Yemen. --- apartheid. --- armed forces. --- army building. --- authoritarianism. --- civil war. --- civilian control. --- civilЭilitary relations. --- civiЭilitary relations. --- colonialism. --- communism. --- communist regime. --- consolidated democracy. --- democracy. --- democratic armies. --- democratic army. --- democratic civilЭilitary relations. --- democratic control. --- democratic governance. --- democratic regimes. --- democratic transition. --- democratization. --- democratizing regimes. --- fascist dictatorship. --- formative moments. --- free elections. --- military dictators. --- military elites. --- military politics. --- military rule. --- party-state. --- political autonomy. --- political environments. --- political presence. --- postcommunism. --- postwar Germany. --- praetorian elites. --- praetorianism. --- regime change. --- reunification. --- single political entity. --- state formation. --- state transformation. --- state-builders. --- war.