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Economists do more than merely describe an external economic world. They shape it in the image of their theories and models. This idea, following the philosophy of language, puts forward that economic theories are performative, and not only descriptive. This idea has become a powerful critique of the scientificity of economics since it removes the idea of an external world against which our description could be evaluated as truth. If any theory can become true, there are no true theories per se because there is no such thing as a pre-existing economy to describe. Is such a relativist stance a fatality? This is the question at stake in this book. Furthermore, the author asks if any theory is able to ‘perform’ the social reality, or are there actually some limits to performativity? For philosophers, a performative statement is a statement that cannot fail to mean something, but can fail to do what it calls for. The state of the world may or may not be changed; the performative statement may be happy or unhappy. In economic terms, this can be interpreted as: some theories change the world while some do not. This book argues that this possibility of failure, a perspective previously missing from discussions on the subject, should be at the heart of any definition of failure.Taking on the question of why some theories change the world while others do not, this volume will be of interest to those studying advances courses on the philosophy of economics as well as those studying and researching in the areas of the philosophy of sciences and sociology of science and economics.

Economics --- Performative (Philosophy) --- Philosophy.

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Étonnant destin que celui du performatif : tout juste après avoir inventé ce concept dans les années 1950, le philosophe du langage ordinaire John L. Austin en affirmait le caractère trivial et superficiel. Et pourtant, un demi-siècle plus tard, le performatif connaît un essor considérable dans le champ philosophique comme dans l’ensemble des sciences humaines et sociales, depuis la théorie de la littérature jusqu’aux Gender et Visual Studies, en passant par les études de communication ou l’épistémologie de l’économie.Ce volume vise à clarifier les enjeux théoriques de cette dissémination conceptuelle. Comment le performatif est-il mobilisé par les chercheurs de ces différentes disciplines ? Quelles ressources y trouvent-ils ? Quelles réappropriations en font-ils ? Ce sont de telles questions que les contributions réunies dans cet ouvrage prennent en charge, par un travail précis d’explicitation des divers sens et usages du « performatif », qu’ils soient fidèles à la lettre austinienne ou qu’ils s’en départissent, afin de montrer ce qui les distingue, et leurs possibles points de convergence.

Performatif. --- Performative (Philosophy)

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Class Acts examines two often neglected aspects of Jacques Derrida’s work as a philosopher, his public presentations at lectures and conferences and his teaching, along with the question of the “speech act” that links them. What, Michael Naas asks, is one doing when one speaks in public in these ways?The book follows Derrida’s itinerary with regard to speech act theory across three public lectures, from 1971 to 1997, all given, for reasons the book seeks to explain, in Montreal. In these lectures, Derrida elaborated his critique of J. L. Austin and his own subsequent redefinition of speech act theory. The book then gives an overview of Derrida’s teaching career and his famous “seminar” presentations, along with his own explicit reflections on pedagogy and educational institutions beginning in the mid-1970s. Naas then shows through a reading of three recently published seminars—on life death, theory and practice, and forgiveness—just how Derrida the teacher interrogated and deployed speech act theory in his seminars. Whether in a conference hall or a classroom, Naas demonstrates, Derrida was always interested in the way spoken or written words might do more than simply communicate some meaning or intent but might give rise to something like an event. Class Acts bears witness to the possibility of such events in Derrida’s work as a pedagogue and a public intellectual.

Speech acts (Linguistics) --- Performative (Philosophy)

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Avant-garde (Aesthetics). --- Futurism (Art). --- Performative (Philosophy).

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Im Zentrum der Aufsatzsammlung »Avantgarde - Medien - Performativität« stehen die von den klassischen Avantgarden eingesetzten performativen Inszenierungs- und Wahrnehmungsmuster. Die Beiträge akzentuieren die Medialisierung und Materialisierung des Performativen und fragen nach der Performativität der Artefakte (Anti-/Kunstwerke, Gender, Verkörperung etc.). Darüber hinaus beschäftigt sich der Band mit Aspekten der Wahrnehmung (Sinne) sowie den Steuerungsstrategien performativer Manifestations-Dispositive (Theater, Kino, Politik, Körper) und Medien des Medienumbruchs um 1900.

Avant-garde (Aesthetics) --- Performative (Philosophy) --- Futurism (Art)