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Inflammation --- Mediators --- Phospholipase A2 --- Pathophysiology --- Inhibitors

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Glycerophospholipids in Brain: Phospholipases A2 in Neurological Disorders Akhlaq A. Farooqui and Lloyd A. Horrocks Glycerophospholipids in Brain: Phospholipases A2 in Neurological Disorders provides a synthesis of material on the metabolism of phospholipids in the brain which has previously only been available in a scattered number of original papers and reviews. Here, the research of over 25 years is collected in one volume from two of the leading researchers in the field— Akhlaq A. Farooqui and Lloyd A. Horrocks Glycerophospholipids in Brain: Phospholipases A2 in Neurological Disorders comprehensively describes: metabolism in brain of glycerophospholipids, including those containing a vinyl ether group (plasmalogens) cutting-edge information on the properties and roles of phospholipases A2 in the central nervous system release by phospholipases A2 of second messengers (arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and lysophospholipid) from neural membrane phospholipids and their neurochemical effects on brain metabolism and function involvement of phospholipases A2 in neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, and the use of phospholipase A2 inhibitors for the treatment of diseases associated with altered phospholipid metabolism methods for the assays of phospholipases A2 and their clinical significance This unique volume will be invaluable not only to those interested in biochemical properties of phospholipases A2, but also their involvement in neurological disorders. Students will benefit from it as a supplement for a range of neuroscience courses. Clinicians will find it invaluable as well for understanding molecular aspects of neurodegeneration in acute neural trauma (stroke) and neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer disease) that are mediated by phospholipases A2. The information in Glycerophospholipids in Brain: Phospholipases A2 in Neurological Disorders is presented in a lively manner that has never been attempted until now in this specialized format. It will be the essential text for the authoritative research in the field. About the Authors Akhlaq A. Farooqui and Lloyd A. Horrocks are leaders in the fields of phospholipid metabolism and phospholipases A2 in brain. They have published cutting edge research on phospholipases A2 and their involvement in neurological disorders in brain tissue. In collaboration with Dr. Yutaka Hirashima, they have discovered a plasmalogen-selective phospholipase A2 in brain. They have also studied phospholipids composition of neural membranes and activities of phospholipases A2 in neural membranes. Lloyd A. Horrocks is the founding editor of Molecular and Chemical Neuropathology and has edited seven books.

Neurochemistry. --- Phospholipase A2. --- Brain --- Diseases --- Molecular aspects. --- Cerebrum --- Mind --- Central nervous system --- Head --- Phospholipases --- Biochemistry --- Neurosciences --- Neurosciences. --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Nervous system

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Phospholipases are a ubiquitous group of enzymes that hydrolyze ester bonds within membrane phospholipids. These enzymes serve multiple biological functions that go far beyond a mere membrane remodeling role in cellular homeostasis; they also play key functions in nutrient digestion and the regulated formation of bioactive lipids involved in cell signaling. It is to the latter function, critical to life, that this book is primarily concerned with. All the chapters are written by renowned experts in the area, and provide forefront information on the role phospholipases in a number of physiological and pathophysiological settings.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- inhibitor --- metabolic stability --- α-methylation --- oxoesters --- phospholipase A2 --- adrenic acid --- arachidonic acid --- mass spectrometry --- lipid signaling --- inflammation --- monocytes/macrophages --- crotoxin --- snake venom --- lung impairment --- inflammatory response --- lipid mediators --- neuromuscular blocker --- lipidomics --- PAP-2 --- autotaxin --- lysophosphatidate --- G protein-coupled receptor --- PLA2G6 --- fatty liver --- phospholipid remodeling --- diet-induced obesity --- morbidly obesity --- choline and methionine deficiency --- glioblastoma --- sphingolipid --- sphingosine-1-phosphate --- sphingomyelinase --- sphingomyelin --- metastasis --- phosphatidic acid --- diacylglycerol --- lipin --- signaling --- cPLA2α --- psoriasis --- proliferation --- anti-inflammatory --- atherosclerosis --- phospholipases --- macrophages --- T cells --- lipins --- pancreatic islets --- β-cells --- insulin secretion --- glucose tolerance --- insulin resistance --- group VIA phospholipase A2 --- fatty acid --- knockout mouse --- lipid mediator --- lysophospholipid --- membrane --- phospholipid --- ceramide --- acidic sphingomyelinase --- neutral sphingomyelinase --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- alcoholic and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis --- preadipocytes --- prostaglandins --- adipokines --- cytokines --- EP receptors --- Group V phospholipase A2 --- lipids --- majeed syndrome --- LPIN2 --- LIPIN2 --- chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis --- chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis --- autoinflammatory --- inflammasome --- macrophage --- osteoclast --- n/a

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The peroxiredoxin family was discovered approximately 30 years ago and is now recognized as one of the most important families of enzymes related to antioxidant defense and cellular signaling. Peroxiredoxin 6 shares the basic enzymatic functions that characterize this family, but also exhibits several unique and crucial activities. These include the ability to reduce phospholipid hydroperoxides, phospholipase A2 activity, and an acyl transferase activity that is important in phospholipid remodeling. This book describes the available models for investigating the unique functions of PRDX6 and its role in normal physiological function, as well its roles in the pathophysiology of diseases including cancer, diseases of the eye, and male fertility.

n/a --- NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase --- sperm capacitation --- phospholipid hydroperoxide --- cornea --- peroxidase --- phospholipase A2 --- 1-Cys Prdx --- knock-in mouse --- drug delivery --- antioxidant activity --- sulfinic acid --- radioprotection --- spermatozoa --- peroxiredoxin 6 --- mass spectroscopic analysis --- knockout mouse --- phospholipase A2 activity --- liposomes --- mitochondrial membrane potential --- lipid peroxidation --- PLA2 activity --- ionizing radiation --- glutathione peroxidase --- Peroxiredoxin --- Prdx6 structure --- membrane repair --- substrate binding --- inflammation --- reactive oxygen species --- Prdx6 --- sulfonic/sulfinic acid --- Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy --- endothelium --- fertilization --- peroxidatic cysteine --- thioredoxin fold --- redox balance --- surfactant protein A --- diabetes --- oxidative stress --- Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy

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Enzymology --- Lipolytic enzymes --- Enzymes --- Lipase --- Phospholipase --- Enzymes. --- Lipase. --- Phospholipases. --- Lecithinase --- Lecithinases --- Acid Lipase --- Acid Lipase A --- Acid Lipase B --- Acid Lipase I --- Acid Lipase II --- Exolipase --- Monoester Lipase --- Triacylglycerol Hydrolase --- Triglyceridase --- Triolean Hydrolase --- Triacylglycerol Lipase --- Tributyrinase --- Triglyceride Lipase --- A, Acid Lipase --- B, Acid Lipase --- Hydrolase, Triacylglycerol --- Hydrolase, Triolean --- I, Acid Lipase --- II, Acid Lipase --- Lipase A, Acid --- Lipase B, Acid --- Lipase I, Acid --- Lipase II, Acid --- Lipase, Acid --- Lipase, Monoester --- Lipase, Triglyceride --- Biocatalysts --- Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action --- Phospholipases --- Biocatalyst --- Enzyme