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Retina --- Photoreceptors --- Physiological optics --- Optics and Photonics --- Photoreceptor Cells --- Vertebrates --- Vision, Ocular --- Light Signal Transduction, Visual --- Ocular Vision --- Visual Light Signal Transduction --- Visual Phototransduction --- Visual Transduction --- Vision --- Phototransduction, Visual --- Transduction, Visual --- Eye --- Ophthalmology --- Visual Perception --- Vertebrate --- Ora Serrata --- Angioid Streaks --- Electroretinography --- Ciliary Photoreceptor Cells --- Ciliary Photoreceptors --- Rhabdomeric Photoreceptor Cells --- Rhabdomeric Photoreceptors --- Cell, Ciliary Photoreceptor --- Cell, Photoreceptor --- Cell, Rhabdomeric Photoreceptor --- Cells, Ciliary Photoreceptor --- Cells, Photoreceptor --- Cells, Rhabdomeric Photoreceptor --- Ciliary Photoreceptor --- Ciliary Photoreceptor Cell --- Photoreceptor Cell --- Photoreceptor Cell, Ciliary --- Photoreceptor Cell, Rhabdomeric --- Photoreceptor Cells, Ciliary --- Photoreceptor Cells, Rhabdomeric --- Photoreceptor, Ciliary --- Photoreceptor, Rhabdomeric --- Photoreceptors, Ciliary --- Photoreceptors, Rhabdomeric --- Rhabdomeric Photoreceptor --- Rhabdomeric Photoreceptor Cell --- Photonics --- Photonics and Optics --- Optical Devices --- Optics, Physiological --- Optics --- Photobiology --- Sense organs --- Interphotoreceptor matrix --- Posterior segment (Eye)

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A rich and surprising exploration of the intelligence of bees Most of us are aware of the hive mind—the power of bees as an amazing collective. But do we know how uniquely intelligent bees are as individuals? In The Mind of a Bee, Lars Chittka draws from decades of research, including his own pioneering work, to argue that bees have remarkable cognitive abilities. He shows that they are profoundly smart, have distinct personalities, can recognize flowers and human faces, exhibit basic emotions, count, use simple tools, solve problems, and learn by observing others. They may even possess consciousness.Taking readers deep into the sensory world of bees, Chittka illustrates how bee brains are unparalleled in the animal kingdom in terms of how much sophisticated material is packed into their tiny nervous systems. He looks at their innate behaviors and the ways their evolution as foragers may have contributed to their keen spatial memory. Chittka also examines the psychological differences between bees and the ethical dilemmas that arise in conservation and laboratory settings because bees feel and think. Throughout, he touches on the fascinating history behind the study of bee behavior.Exploring an insect whose sensory experiences rival those of humans, The Mind of a Bee reveals the singular abilities of some of the world’s most incredible creatures.

Bees --- Behavior. --- Psychology. --- Advertising. --- Alcoholic beverage. --- Analogy. --- Apis cerana. --- Bearing (navigation). --- Bee. --- Beehive. --- Beekeeper. --- Beekeeping. --- Beeswax. --- Biological neural network. --- Bombus terrestris. --- Brood (honey bee). --- Bumblebee. --- Carpenter bee. --- Charles Darwin. --- Chemical substance. --- Collective intelligence. --- Computation. --- Computer scientist. --- Consciousness. --- Counting. --- Darwinism. --- Decision-making. --- Desk. --- Detection. --- Earthworm. --- Entomology. --- Eventuality (phrenology). --- Foraging. --- Fungus. --- Gestapo. --- Honey bee. --- Identifier. --- Illustration. --- Information sharing. --- Inner ear. --- Insect. --- Insecticide. --- Instant. --- Invertebrate. --- Iridescence. --- Karl von Frisch. --- Larva. --- Learning. --- Lens (optics). --- Machine learning. --- Mammary gland. --- Mason bee. --- Mechanoreceptor. --- Microvillus. --- Motley crew. --- Motor learning. --- Nanostructure. --- Neuron. --- Nociception. --- Nosema (microsporidian). --- Observational learning. --- Odor. --- On Plants. --- Organism. --- Parasitoid wasp. --- Parasitoid. --- Pattern Recognition, Visual. --- Photoreceptor cell. --- Phototropism. --- Pollen source. --- Position of the Sun. --- Prospecting. --- Puzzle box. --- Qualia. --- Quantity. --- Queen bee. --- Reference Daily Intake. --- Referent. --- Residence. --- Reward system. --- Secretion. --- Sensory threshold. --- Social cognition. --- Social environment. --- Sophie Scholl. --- Spatial memory. --- Spider. --- Stingless bee. --- Subitizing. --- Sucrose. --- Supermarket. --- Surface finish. --- Swarm intelligence. --- Swarming (honey bee). --- T-maze. --- Thermoregulation. --- Trophallaxis. --- Vending machine. --- Virtual image. --- Visual cortex. --- Wernicke's area. --- Western honey bee. --- Worker bee.