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This Special Issue comprises 12 papers from authors in 10 countries with new insights on the close coupling between magma as an energy and fluid source with hydrothermal systems for the primary control of magmatic behavior. Data and interpretation are provided on the rise of magma through a hydrothermal system, the relative timing of magmatic and hydrothermal events, the temporal evolution of supercritical aqueous fluids associated with ore formation, the magmatic and meteoric contributions of water to the systems, the big picture for the highly active Krafla Caldera, Iceland, as well as the implications of results from drilling at Krafla concerning the magma–hydrothermal boundary. Some of the more provocative concepts are that magma can intrude a hydrothermal system silently, that coplanar and coeval seismic events signal “magma fracking” beneath active volcanoes, that intrusive accumulations may far outlast volcanism, that arid climate favors formation of large magma chambers, and that even relatively dry rhyolite magma can rapidly convect and so lack a crystallizing mush roof. A shared theme is that hydrothermal and magmatic reservoirs need to be treated as a single system.

Research & information: general --- la soufrière --- guadeloupe --- volcanic gas --- volcanic unrest --- hydrothermal gas --- multigas --- extensometry --- Krafla volcano --- geothermal systems --- conceptual models --- volcanology --- magma --- hydrothermal --- fracking --- volcanoes --- Kamchatka --- igneous petrology --- tectonics --- heat flow --- glaciation --- climate --- incremental pluton emplacement --- contact metamorphism --- petrochronology --- titanite --- zircon --- U-Pb dating --- thermometry --- hydrothermal fluids --- incremental intrusion --- hydrothermal fluid --- microstructure --- dissolution --- precipitation --- textural coarsening --- alteration --- porosity --- eruption --- fracture --- permeability --- dome emplacement --- hydrothermal system --- RSAM --- tremor --- gliding spectral lines --- White Island --- phreatic eruptions --- geyser --- Uzon --- CO2 --- TOUGH2 --- modeling --- Kirishima volcano group --- Ebinokogen Ioyama volcano --- geothermal activity --- multiple hydrothermal system --- magmatic hydrothermal eruption --- kick upwelling --- Erdenet Cu–Mo deposit --- cathodoluminescence --- supercritical fluid --- transient fluid pressure --- magmatic-hydrothermal system --- fluid inclusion --- magma energy --- magma convection --- heat flux --- geothermal energy --- magma–hydrothermal --- heat transport --- gas and fluid geochemistry --- phreatic eruption --- volcano monitoring --- geophysical imaging --- drilling

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Whenever a volcano threatens to erupt, scientists and adventurers from around the world flock to the site in response to the irresistible allure of one of nature's most dangerous and unpredictable phenomena. In a unique book probing the science and mystery of these fiery features, the authors chronicle not only their geologic behavior but also their profound effect on human life. From Mount Vesuvius to Mount St. Helens, the book covers the surprisingly large variety of volcanoes, the subtle to conspicuous signs preceding their eruptions, and their far-reaching atmospheric consequences. Here scientific facts take on a very human dimension, as the authors draw upon actual encounters with volcanoes, often through firsthand accounts of those who have witnessed eruptions and miraculously survived the aftermath. The book begins with a description of the lethal May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens--complete with an explanation of how safety officials and scientists tried to predict events, and how unsuspecting campers and loggers miles away struggled against terrifying blasts of ash, stone, and heat. The story moves quickly to the ways volcanoes have enhanced our lives, creating mineral-rich land, clean thermal energy, and haunting landscapes that in turn benefit agriculture, recreation, mining, and commerce. Religion and psychology embroider the account, as the authors explore the impact of volcanoes on the human psyche through tales of the capricious volcano gods and attempts to appease them, ranging from simple homage to horrific ritual sacrifice. Volcanoes concludes by assisting readers in experiencing these geological phenomena for themselves. An unprecedented "tourist guide to volcanoes" outlines over forty sites throughout the world. Not only will travelers find information on where to go and how to get there, they will also learn what precautions to take at each volcano. Tourists, amateur naturalists, and armchair travelers alike will find their scientific curiosity whetted by this informative and entertaining book.

Volcanoes --- History. --- 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora. --- 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. --- Alaska Volcano Observatory. --- Armero tragedy. --- Bentonite. --- Bezymianny. --- Bishop Tuff. --- Caldera. --- Cinder cone. --- Crater lake. --- Debris flow. --- Decade Volcanoes. --- Effects of nuclear explosions. --- Eruption column. --- Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79. --- Explosive eruption. --- Fumarole. --- Geologic hazards. --- Geologist. --- Global cooling. --- Harmonic tremor. --- Harry Glicken. --- Hawaiian eruption. --- Herculaneum. --- High pressure. --- Hot spring. --- Ignimbrite. --- International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior. --- International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction. --- Kilauea. --- Laacher See. --- Lahar. --- Lake Nyos. --- Lapilli. --- Lassen Peak. --- Lassen Volcanic National Park. --- Lava Butte. --- Lava dome. --- Lava tube. --- Lava. --- Long Valley Caldera. --- Maar. --- Mono Lake. --- Monte Nuovo. --- Mount Hood. --- Mount Pinatubo. --- Mount Rainier National Park. --- Mount Ruapehu. --- Mount St. Helens. --- Mount Tambora. --- Mount Tarawera. --- Mud bath. --- Natural disaster. --- Nevado del Ruiz. --- Novarupta. --- Obsidian. --- Ozone depletion. --- Parícutin. --- Phreatic eruption. --- Plate tectonics. --- Plinian eruption. --- Pumice. --- Pyroclastic flow. --- Pyroclastic surge. --- Rabaul caldera. --- Rhyolite. --- Rift zone. --- Ring of Fire. --- Sakurajima. --- Seismology. --- Seismometer. --- Shield volcano. --- Spyridon Marinatos. --- Steam explosion. --- Stratovolcano. --- Strombolian eruption. --- Sulfur dioxide. --- Surtsey. --- Taupo Volcanic Zone. --- The Geysers. --- Thera. --- Tsunami. --- Tuff. --- Types of volcanic eruptions. --- Ubehebe Crater. --- Valles Caldera. --- Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes. --- Vesuvius Observatory. --- Volcanic ash and aviation safety. --- Volcanic ash. --- Volcanic field. --- Volcanic gas. --- Volcanic rock. --- Volcanism. --- Volcano. --- Volcanologist. --- Volcanology. --- Vulsini. --- Wizard Island. --- Year Without a Summer.