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Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the obligate human pathogen“Neisseria gonorrhoeae”. This Gram-negative diplococcus is highly infective due to its virulence factors: pili, Por proteins, Opa proteins, Rmp proteins, lipooligosaccharides and IgA protease. Despite existing guidelines for its treatment, the incidence of the disease follows an increasing trend worldwide. This is mainly due to the appearance of antibiotic-resistant strains, inefficient diagnostic methods and poor sexual education. Without an effective vaccine available, the key priorities for the control of the disease include sexual education, contact notification, epidemiological surveillance, diagnosis and effective antibiotic treatment. This Special Issue focuses on some of these important issuesm such as the molecular mechanisms of the disease, diagnostic tests and different treatment strategies used to combat gonorrhea.

Medicine --- Neisseria gonorrhoeae --- gonorrhea --- antimicrobial resistance --- ciprofloxacin resistance --- precision treatment --- Neisseria species --- Neisseria meningitidis --- commensal --- pathogenesis --- host adaptation --- diagnostic --- microscopy --- culture --- NAAT --- point-of-care test --- microfluidic --- HDAC --- infection --- epigenetic --- H3K9ac --- macrophage --- survival --- cytokines --- chemokines --- AMR --- Neisseria meningitides --- commensal Neisseria --- Neisseria --- meningitidis --- kissing --- sharing --- microbiome --- transmission --- sexually transmitted infection --- diagnosis --- antibiotic treatment

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Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the obligate human pathogen“Neisseria gonorrhoeae”. This Gram-negative diplococcus is highly infective due to its virulence factors: pili, Por proteins, Opa proteins, Rmp proteins, lipooligosaccharides and IgA protease. Despite existing guidelines for its treatment, the incidence of the disease follows an increasing trend worldwide. This is mainly due to the appearance of antibiotic-resistant strains, inefficient diagnostic methods and poor sexual education. Without an effective vaccine available, the key priorities for the control of the disease include sexual education, contact notification, epidemiological surveillance, diagnosis and effective antibiotic treatment. This Special Issue focuses on some of these important issuesm such as the molecular mechanisms of the disease, diagnostic tests and different treatment strategies used to combat gonorrhea.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae --- gonorrhea --- antimicrobial resistance --- ciprofloxacin resistance --- precision treatment --- Neisseria species --- Neisseria meningitidis --- commensal --- pathogenesis --- host adaptation --- diagnostic --- microscopy --- culture --- NAAT --- point-of-care test --- microfluidic --- HDAC --- infection --- epigenetic --- H3K9ac --- macrophage --- survival --- cytokines --- chemokines --- AMR --- Neisseria meningitides --- commensal Neisseria --- Neisseria --- meningitidis --- kissing --- sharing --- microbiome --- transmission --- sexually transmitted infection --- diagnosis --- antibiotic treatment

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HIV drug resistance is an unavoidable challenge for HIV/AIDS professionals, and it has long been a major obstacle hindering the global effort to contain HIV/AIDS. Pathogens journal launched a topical collection in 2021 on “Current Research on HIV Drug Resistance”, aiming to catch the latest advancements in HIV resistance diagnosis, surveillance and research. This book compiles all articles published in this collection, combining original research and review articles on HIV drug resistance.

Medicine --- Epidemiology & medical statistics --- HIV drug resistance --- sanger sequencing --- next-generation sequencing --- interrupted antiretroviral therapy --- HIV-1 --- nef --- Botswana --- drug resistance mutations --- 3′-polypurine tract --- dolutegravir --- single genome sequencing --- drug resistance --- integrase strand transfer inhibitors --- replication fitness --- case study --- complex adaptive system --- leverage points --- systems mapping --- Dar es Salaam --- Tanzania --- HIV --- surveillance --- public health --- Mexico --- HIV pretreatment drug resistance --- HIV acquired drug resistance --- Mexico City --- antiviral therapy --- protease inhibitor --- protease --- mutation --- atazanavir --- HCV --- probe capture --- enrichment --- point-of-care test --- resource-limited setting --- testing --- analytes --- specimens --- performance --- n/a --- 3'-polypurine tract

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This Special Issue explores the range of clinical manifestations and epidemiology of both skin NTDs and common skin disease in endemic regions, the use of common diagnostic and management pathways, the different technologies that play a role in diagnosis and training, the role of patient involvement at a community level, as well as the assessment of the results of different initiatives in the field.

n/a --- topical corticosteroids --- mental health --- digital handheld microscope --- skin infections --- sporotrichosis Community dermatology --- mHealth --- animal reservoir --- iatrogenic --- case management --- Wet Dermatoscopy (w-DS) --- Mycobacterium ulcerans --- transmission --- neglected tropical diseases --- review --- Enhanced Dermatoscopy (e-DS) --- outbreak --- long range diagnosis --- teledermatology --- Treponema pallidum --- leprosy --- onchocerciasis --- mass drug administration --- point of care test --- scabies --- Africa --- podoconiosis --- Mite-Gallery Unit (MGU) --- diagnosis --- Amerindian communities --- eumycetoma --- community engagement --- clinical presentation --- integration --- onchocercal skin disease --- mycetoma --- PCR --- mobile phone application --- stigma --- resource-poor setting --- slit skin smears --- morbidity management --- training --- tele-expertise --- ivermectin --- eHealth --- NTDs --- Dry Dermatoscopy (d-DS) --- Amazon lowland --- actinomycetoma --- patient involvement --- tropical skin diseases --- surveillance --- yaws --- skin diseases --- skin NTDs --- lymphedema --- Cushing syndrome --- onchodermatitis --- skin disease --- primary health care --- technology --- skin biopsy --- impetigo --- early diagnosis --- dermatology --- telepathology --- drought --- subcutaneous mycosis --- disease mapping --- emergency state --- Entodermoscopy (EDS) --- leprosy diagnosis