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"Martin Luther inspired strong emotions not only in his religious and political opponents, but also in those who knew him. People either loved or hated him, and even today he can elicit intense emotional reactions. Always a controversial figure, his influence is nonetheless pervasive, particularly in Germany where he has left an indelible imprint on the culture, musical, linguistic, material, and visual. This book reflects on the way Martin Luther carefully crafted an image of himself, how others portrayed him for their own purposes (both during his life and after), and the ongoing legacy of these images. Though Luther had a magnetic quality both in life and in death, Roper does not shy away from discussing and grappling with his less savory side. Luther was highly aggressive and could be foul-mouthed, especially when speaking of his enemies. He was virulently anti-Semitic and he tended toward misogyny, even for a man of his time. Moving nimbly from analysis of Luther's portraits to his dreams, his anti-Pope propaganda, and even the Playmobil Luther figures of today, Roper presents new sides of this complicated man made more complicated by his followers and detractors"--

Luther, Martin, --- 95 Theses. --- Antinomian controversy. --- Council of Trent. --- Diet of Worms. --- Edict of Worms. --- Exsurge Domine. --- Here I stand. --- Hier stehe ich. --- Jan Hus. --- Johann Eck. --- Lutheran Church. --- Lutheran history. --- Lutheran theology. --- Ninety-five Theses. --- Pope Leo X. --- Protestant Reformation. --- Protestantism. --- Wittenberg. --- bigamy of Philip I. --- cultural studies. --- doctrine of justification. --- dream analysis. --- excommunication. --- faith alone. --- gender. --- history of Protestantism. --- history of religion. --- justification. --- papal bull. --- recant. --- reformation. --- religion. --- sexuality.

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A colorful, comprehensive, and authoritative account of Machiavelli's life and thoughtThis is a colorful, comprehensive, and authoritative introduction to the life and work of the Florentine statesman, writer, and political philosopher Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527). Corrado Vivanti, who was one of the world's leading Machiavelli scholars, provides an unparalleled intellectual biography that demonstrates the close connections between Machiavelli's thought and his changing fortunes during the tumultuous Florentine republic and his subsequent exile. Vivanti's concise account covers not only Machiavelli's most famous works-The Prince, The Discourses, The Florentine Histories, and The Art of War-but also his letters, poetry, and comic dramas. While setting Machiavelli's life against a dramatic backdrop of war, crisis, and diplomatic intrigue, the book also paints a vivid human portrait of the man.

Statesmen --- Machiavelli, Niccolò, --- Florence (Italy) --- Intellectual life --- Politics and government --- Adagia. --- Age of Enlightenment. --- Agostino Vespucci. --- Ammianus Marcellinus. --- Ancient Rome. --- Andrea del Sarto. --- Antonio Gramsci. --- Barbarian. --- Battle of Marignano. --- Benvenuto Cellini. --- Cadet branch. --- Captain general. --- Caterina Sforza. --- Catherine de' Medici. --- Cesare Borgia. --- Civil religion. --- Coluccio Salutati. --- Condottieri. --- Conspiracy theory. --- Cosimo de' Medici. --- Council of Ten. --- Council of Trent. --- Criticism of Christianity. --- Democracy in America. --- Despotism. --- Dictatorship. --- Diplomacy. --- Enemy of God (novel). --- Etruscan civilization. --- Flattery. --- For the Glory. --- Francesco Guicciardini. --- Francis Bacon (artist). --- French Wars of Religion. --- Friedrich Meinecke. --- Galeazzo Maria Sforza. --- Georg von Frundsberg. --- Giovanni Villani. --- Girolamo Savonarola. --- Giuliano da Sangallo. --- Giuliano de' Medici. --- Herodian. --- High politics. --- Hostility. --- House of Medici. --- Indulgence. --- Jacob Burckhardt. --- Leonardo Bruni. --- Life of Castruccio Castracani. --- Livy. --- Lorenzo de' Medici. --- Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici. --- Louis XII of France. --- Lucretius. --- Machiavellianism. --- Majesty. --- March on Rome. --- Matteo Bandello. --- Mercenary. --- Multitude. --- Niccolò Machiavelli. --- Norberto Bobbio. --- Original meaning. --- Orlando Furioso. --- Ostracism. --- Patrician (ancient Rome). --- Persecution. --- Pessimism. --- Petrarch. --- Philippe Verdelot. --- Poggio Bracciolini. --- Political philosophy. --- Politics. --- Poliziano. --- Pope Alexander VI. --- Pope Clement VII. --- Pope Julius II. --- Pope Leo X. --- Potentate. --- Prince of the Church. --- Prison Notebooks. --- Prisoner in the Vatican. --- Religious war. --- Republic of Florence. --- Romagna. --- Sedition. --- Signoria. --- Slavery. --- Sovereignty. --- State of nature. --- Subversion. --- Suetonius. --- Sulla. --- Superiority (short story). --- The Other Hand. --- V. --- WIN Party. --- War. --- Warfare. --- Writing.

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"How the medieval church drove state formation in EuropeSacred Foundations argues that the medieval church was a fundamental force in European state formation. Existing accounts focus on early modern warfare or contracts between the rulers and the ruled. In contrast, this major study shows that the Catholic Church both competed with medieval monarchs and provided critical templates for governing institutions, the rule of law, and parliaments.The Catholic Church was the most powerful, wealthiest, and best-organized political actor in the Middle Ages. Starting in the eleventh century, the papacy fought for the autonomy of the church, challenging European rulers and then claiming authority over people, territory, and monarchs alike. Anna Grzymała-Busse demonstrates how the church shaped distinct aspects of the European state. Conflicts with the papacy fragmented territorial authority in Europe for centuries to come, propagating urban autonomy and ideas of sovereignty. Thanks to its organizational advantages and human capital, the church also developed the institutional precedents adopted by rulers across Europe-from chanceries and taxation to courts and councils. Church innovations made possible both the rule of law and parliamentary representation.Bringing to light a wealth of historical evidence about papal conflict, excommunications, and ecclesiastical institutions, Sacred Foundations reveals how the challenge and example of powerful religious authorities gave rise to secular state institutions and galvanized state capacity"-- "Sacred Foundations argues that the medieval church was a fundamental force in European state formation. Existing accounts focus on early modern warfare or contracts between the rulers and the ruled. In contrast, this major study shows that the Catholic Church both competed with medieval monarchs and provided critical templates for governing institutions, the rule of law, and parliaments. The Catholic Church was the most powerful, wealthiest, and best-organized political actor in the Middle Ages. Starting in the eleventh century, the papacy fought for the autonomy of the church, challenging European rulers and then claiming authority over people, territory, and monarchs alike. Anna Grzymała-Busse demonstrates how the church shaped distinct aspects of the European state. Conflicts with the papacy fragmented territorial authority in Europe for centuries to come, propagating urban autonomy and ideas of sovereignty. Thanks to its organizational advantages and human capital, the church also developed the institutional precedents adopted by rulers across Europe-from chanceries and taxation to courts and councils. Church innovations made possible both the rule of law and parliamentary representation. Bringing to light a wealth of historical evidence about papal conflict, excommunications, and ecclesiastical institutions, Sacred Foundations reveals how the challenge and example of powerful religious authorities gave rise to secular state institutions and galvanized state capacity"--

Church and state --- Christianity --- History. --- Influence. --- Europe --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Church history --- Politics and government --- History --- 14th century. --- Adversarial system. --- Arbitration award. --- Archbishop of Canterbury. --- Archdeacon. --- Audit. --- Avignon. --- Baron. --- Benefice. --- Canon law (Catholic Church). --- Capitalism. --- Catholic Church in England and Wales. --- Cistercians. --- Clergy. --- Commercial Revolution. --- Common Pool. --- Conciliarism. --- Consent. --- Control variable. --- Criminal law. --- De facto. --- Debtor. --- Doctrine. --- Donation of Constantine. --- Dummy variable (statistics). --- Early modern period. --- Enthusiasm. --- Eternal life (Christianity). --- Exchequer. --- Excommunication. --- Exemption (church). --- Expenditure. --- Expense. --- Fisc. --- Forms of government. --- Friar. --- Fuero. --- Holy Roman Empire. --- Human capital. --- Hussite Wars. --- Imperial election. --- Institution. --- Interdependence. --- Investiture Controversy. --- Jean Gerson. --- Joint attention. --- Jurisdiction. --- Jurist. --- Justice of the peace. --- Justification (theology). --- Language code. --- Language. --- Languedoc. --- Lawyer. --- Lollardy. --- Lump sum. --- Magnanimity. --- Merciless Parliament. --- Moneyer. --- Monogamy. --- Null hypothesis. --- Pacta sunt servanda. --- Panel data. --- Pawnbroker. --- Pope Gregory IX. --- Pope Leo X. --- Pope Paul III. --- Pope Pius X. --- Pope. --- Popularity. --- Precedent. --- Prerogative. --- Property law. --- Prosecutor. --- Public morality. --- Reprisal. --- Residence. --- Right of passage. --- Roman Law. --- Ruler. --- Scientist. --- Separation of church and state. --- Skill. --- Social environment. --- Social intelligence. --- Sources of law. --- Sovereignty. --- Spoken language. --- State formation. --- Statutes of Mortmain. --- Superiority (short story). --- Supranational union. --- Symbolic communication. --- Tax. --- Throne. --- Tories (British political party). --- Whigs (British political party). --- William of Ockham. --- World government. --- Writ of prohibition. --- Canon law --- Clergy --- Clergy members --- Clergymen --- Diocesan clergy --- Ecclesiastics --- Indigenous clergy --- Major orders --- Members of the clergy --- Ministers (Clergy) --- Ministers of the gospel --- Native clergy --- Ordained clergy --- Ordained ministers --- Orders, Major --- Pastors --- Rectors --- Secular clergy --- Religious leaders --- Public law (Canon law) --- Law --- Ecclesiastical law --- Rescripts, Papal --- Catholic Church --- Christian church history --- History of Europe --- anno 500-1499 --- anno 1500-1799 --- Dogma.