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Charles Cashdollar reinterprets nineteenth-century British and American Protestant thought by identifying positivism as the central intellectual issue of the era. Positivism meant, at first, the ideas of the French thinker Auguste Comte; later in the century, the term indicated a more general opposition to supernatural religion. Cashdollar shows that contemporary thinkers recognized positivism, at each of these stages, as the most fundamental of the proliferating challenges to religious belief. He further reveals how the encounter with positivism altered Protestant orthodoxy--in both subtle and radical ways.Positivists denied that humans could know anything other than physical phenomena. Declaring many orthodox beliefs archaic, they proposed a new, ethically based vision of service to humanity. After portraying the dissemination of these positions among British and American Protestants, the author explains how each of several groups reacted. A few theologians rejected positivism outright, but many more responded by recasting their own beliefs. The implications of this story of change extend to such topics as Darwinism, Biblical criticism, the rise of the social sciences, theological liberalism and the Social Gospel, the beginnings of fundamentalism, and the twentieth-century debate about "creationism" and science.Originally published in 1989.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Positivism -- History -- 19th century. --- Protestant churches -- Great Britain -- Doctrines -- History -- 19th century. --- Protestant churches -- United States -- Doctrines -- History -- 19th century.

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Comment les mathématiques, pure création de l'esprit humain, peuvent-elles s'appliquer au monde réel qui nous entoure ? Comment les géométries non euclidiennes, nées de spéculations abstraites, peuvent-elles décrire l'atome ou l'Univers ? Comment la pure logique du calcul des probabilités peut-elle servir à établir les lois de la physique ou les statistiques des assurances ? Ce sont ces questions qu'affronte dans l'entre-deux guerres l'empirisme logique, ce grand courant du rationalisme européen qui suscite aujourd'hui un intérêt nouveau. Ses grandes figures, Carnap, Schlick. Reichenbach et quelques autres, ont été des penseurs très différents et profondément originaux. La philosophie des sciences contemporaine a encore de nombreuses leçons à tirer de leurs innovations conceptuelles et de leurs débats internes, mais aussi de la réflexion sur les limites de leur démarche et sur les obstacles qu'ils ont rencontrés.

Mathematics --- Logical positivism --- Philosophy --- History --- Mathematics - Philosophy - History - 20th century - Congresses --- Logical positivism - History - 20th century - Congresses --- Philosophie et mathématiques --- Positivisme logique --- Philosophie et sciences --- Logique symbolique et mathématique --- Congrès

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Le livre fondateur de R. Carnap, Der logische Aufbau der Welt (1928), est une œuvre philosophique centrale du XXe siècle. L’Aufbau se situe à l’orée de l’empirisme logique du cercle de Vienne et a ainsi une place essentielle dans la constitution du paradigme de la philosophie analytique. Au confluent des différentes traditions philosophiques du XXe siècle, il contient aussi tous les enjeux de la philosophie de la connaissance contemporaine : question d’une logique de l’expérience et d’une phénoménologie, statut et ontologie du langage de la science, critique de la métaphysique et élimination des “faux problèmes” en philosophie. Après l’émigration de Carnap en Amérique, puis les critiques apportées à l’empirisme logique et au projet même d’Aufbau par ses successeurs, l’Aufbau a été longtemps négligé. Il est aujourd’hui redécouvert, à la lumière de l’évolution de la science et de la théorie de la connaissance contemporaines. Ce volume collectif veut démontrer l’actualité de l’Aufbau, tout en examinant les racines historiques du projet de construction de Carnap et ses conséquences philosophiques.

Carnap, Rudolf --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Logical positivism --- Théorie de la connaissance --- Positivisme logique --- History --- Histoire --- Carnap, Rudolf, --- Théorie de la connaissance --- Logical empiricism --- Neo-empiricism --- Neo-positivism --- Physicalism --- Positivism, Logical --- Unity of science movement --- Language and logic --- Logic --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Positivism --- Reductionism --- Relationism --- Science --- Analysis (Philosophy) --- Verification (Empiricism) --- Vienna circle --- Philosophy --- Carnap, Rudolph --- Karnap, Rudolʹf --- Карнап, Рудольф --- Knowledge, Theory of - History - 20th century. --- Logical positivism - History - 20th century. --- Carnap, Rudolf, - 1891-1970. - Logische Aufbau der Welt. --- Carnap, Rudolf, - 1891-1970.

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Logical positivism --- Positivisme logique --- History --- Sources --- Histoire --- Schlick, Moritz, --- Carnap, Rudolf, --- Neurath, Otto, --- Schlick, Moritz --- Neurath, Otto --- Carnap, Rudolf --- -Logical empiricism --- Neo-empiricism --- Neo-positivism --- Physicalism --- Positivism, Logical --- Unity of science movement --- Language and logic --- Logic --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Positivism --- Reductionism --- Relationism --- Science --- Analysis (Philosophy) --- Verification (Empiricism) --- Vienna circle --- -Sources --- Philosophy --- -History --- Logical positivism - History - Sources --- Schlick, Moritz, - 1882-1936 --- Carnap, Rudolf, - 1891-1970 --- Neurath, Otto, - 1882-1945

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The rise of scientific (analytic) philosophy since the turn of the twentieth century is linked to the philosophical interaction between, on the one hand, Ernst Mach, the Vienna Circle around Moritz Schlick and Otto Neurath, the Berlin Group (Hans Reichenbach, Carl G. Hempel), and the Prague Group (Rudolf Carnap, Philipp Frank), and, on the other, philosophers and scientists in Denmark (Niels Bohr, Joergen Joergensen), Finland (Eino Kaila, Georg Henrik von Wright and their disciples), Norway (Arne Næss and his students), and Sweden (Åke Petzäll, the journal Theoria and a younger generation of philosophers in Uppsala). In addition, the pure theory of law of Hans Kelsen achieved wide dissemination in the Nordic countries (through, for example, Alf Ross). One of the key events in the relations between the Central European philosophers and those of the Nordic countries was the Second International Congress for the Unity of Science which was arranged in Copenhagen in 1936. Besides considering the interactions of these groups, the book also pays special attention to their interactions, in the context of the Cold War period following the Second World War, with the so-called Third Vienna Circle and with the Forum Alpbach/Austrian College around Viktor Kraft and Bela Juhos (along with Ludwig Wittgenstein and Paul Feyerabend), where the issues of (philosophical and scientific) realism and "psychologism"—the relationship between psychology and philosophy—were matters of controversy. By comparison with the more extensively investigated and better known transatlantic transfer and transformation of "positivism" and logical empiricism, the developments outlined above remain neglected and marginalized topics in historiography. The symposium aims to reveal the remarkable continuity of the philosophical enlightened "Nordic Connection". We intend to shed light on this forgotten communication and to reconstruct these hidden scholarly networks from an historical and logical point of view, thereby evaluating their significance for today’s research.

Philosophy. --- History of Philosophy. --- Modern Philosophy. --- Logic. --- Philosophy of Science. --- Philosophy (General). --- Philosophy, modern. --- Science --- Logique --- Sciences --- Philosophie --- Logical positivism --- Philosophy --- Vienna circle. --- History. --- Logical positivism -- History. --- Philosophy -- Scandinavia -- History. --- History --- Logical positivism. --- Philosophy, Modern. --- Modern philosophy --- Logical empiricism --- Neo-empiricism --- Neo-positivism --- Physicalism --- Positivism, Logical --- Unity of science movement --- Modern philosophy. --- Philosophy and science. --- Philosophy, general. --- Language and logic --- Logic --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Positivism --- Reductionism --- Relationism --- Analysis (Philosophy) --- Verification (Empiricism) --- Vienna circle --- Argumentation --- Deduction (Logic) --- Deductive logic --- Dialectic (Logic) --- Logic, Deductive --- Intellect --- Psychology --- Reasoning --- Thought and thinking --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- Methodology --- Science and philosophy --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- Early Modern Philosophy.