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For a sustainable future, the need to use renewable sources to produce electricity is inevitable. Some of these sources—particularly the widely available solar power—are weather-dependent; therefore, utility-scale energy storage will be more and more important. These solar and wind power fluctuations range from minutes (passing cloud) to whole seasons (winter/summer differences). Short-term storage can be solved (at least theoretically) with batteries; however, seasonal storage—due to the amount of storable energy and the self-discharging of some storage methods—is still a challenge to be solved in the near future. We believe that biological Power-to-Methane technology—especially combined with biogas refinement—will be a significant player in the energy storage market within less than a decade. The technology produces high-purity methane, which can be considered—by using green energy and carbon dioxide of biological origin—as a Renewable Natural Gas, or RNG. The ease of storage and use of methane, as well as the effective carbon-freeness, can make it a competitor for batteries or hydrogen-based storage, especially for storage times exceeding several months.

seasonal energy storage --- power-to-methane --- wastewater treatment plants --- techno-economic assessment --- power-to-gas --- regulation --- energy storage --- biogas --- biomethane --- disruptive technology --- decarbonization --- innovation --- Power-to-Gas --- Power-to-Fuel --- P2M --- P2G --- P2F --- biomethanization --- biomethanation --- competitiveness --- hydrogen utilization --- Hungary --- Power-to-X --- Power-to-Hydrogen --- Power-to-Methane --- hydrogen --- methanation --- sector coupling --- sectoral integration --- energy transition --- eFuels --- electric fuels --- 100% renewable energy scenarios --- thermophilic biogas --- fed-batch reactor --- Methanothermobacter --- metagenome --- starvation --- H2 and CO2 conversion --- methane --- acetate --- n/a

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For a sustainable future, the need to use renewable sources to produce electricity is inevitable. Some of these sources—particularly the widely available solar power—are weather-dependent; therefore, utility-scale energy storage will be more and more important. These solar and wind power fluctuations range from minutes (passing cloud) to whole seasons (winter/summer differences). Short-term storage can be solved (at least theoretically) with batteries; however, seasonal storage—due to the amount of storable energy and the self-discharging of some storage methods—is still a challenge to be solved in the near future. We believe that biological Power-to-Methane technology—especially combined with biogas refinement—will be a significant player in the energy storage market within less than a decade. The technology produces high-purity methane, which can be considered—by using green energy and carbon dioxide of biological origin—as a Renewable Natural Gas, or RNG. The ease of storage and use of methane, as well as the effective carbon-freeness, can make it a competitor for batteries or hydrogen-based storage, especially for storage times exceeding several months.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- seasonal energy storage --- power-to-methane --- wastewater treatment plants --- techno-economic assessment --- power-to-gas --- regulation --- energy storage --- biogas --- biomethane --- disruptive technology --- decarbonization --- innovation --- Power-to-Gas --- Power-to-Fuel --- P2M --- P2G --- P2F --- biomethanization --- biomethanation --- competitiveness --- hydrogen utilization --- Hungary --- Power-to-X --- Power-to-Hydrogen --- Power-to-Methane --- hydrogen --- methanation --- sector coupling --- sectoral integration --- energy transition --- eFuels --- electric fuels --- 100% renewable energy scenarios --- thermophilic biogas --- fed-batch reactor --- Methanothermobacter --- metagenome --- starvation --- H2 and CO2 conversion --- methane --- acetate --- n/a

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In addition to the avoidance and long-term storage (CCS) of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, the utilization of CO2 for the production of usable products is discussed as a possible method of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The associated technologies are summarized under the term "Carbon Capture and Utilization" (CCU). CCU technologies have gained increasing attention in science and industry over the last decade and are considered essential for meeting the reduction goals of the Paris Agreement. The selection of research papers in this book, mostly focused on Power-to-X technologies and the catalytic conversion of CO2, are related to the most recent advancements in CCU technologies.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- blast furnace gas --- coke oven gas --- basic oxygen furnace gas --- methanation --- methanol synthesis --- aspen plus --- gas cleaning --- hydrogen --- steelworks sustainability --- catalytic dewaxing --- hydroprocessing --- lubricant production --- Fischer–Tropsch --- CO2 hydrogenation --- methanol --- caustic MgO --- bifunctional catalyst --- power-to-gas --- catalytic methanation --- biomass --- gasification --- synthetic natural gas --- steelworks --- real gases --- activated carbon --- catalyst poison and degradation

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Anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are dramatically influencing the environment, and research is strongly committed to proposing alternatives, mainly based on renewable energy sources. Low GHG electricity production from renewables is well established but issues of grid balancing are limiting their application. Energy storage is a key topic for the further deployment of renewable energy production. Besides batteries and other types of electrical storage, electrofuels and bioderived fuels may offer suitable alternatives in some specific scenarios. This Special Issue includes contributions on the energy conversion technologies and use, energy storage, technologies integration, e-fuels, and pilot and large-scale applications.

n/a --- PV --- GHG savings --- lithium-ion battery (LIB) --- probability prediction --- decarbonization --- supercapacitor (SC) --- least squares support vector machine --- EV fleet forecasts --- alternative maritime power (AMP) --- Markov chain --- feasibility study --- D funding --- hybrid power system --- numerical analysis --- ship structure --- optimal sizing --- cellulosic ethanol --- electric vehicles EV --- biofuel --- green ship --- R&amp --- bulk carrier --- molten carbonate fuel cell system --- sparse Gaussian process regression --- power-to-gas --- combination method --- charging infrastructure --- jet fuel --- flow characteristics --- hybrid refinery --- LNG-fueled ship

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Water is necessary to produce energy, and energy is required to pump, treat, and transport water. The energy–water nexus examines the interactions between these two inextricably linked elements. This Special Issue aims to explore a single "system of systems" for the integration of energy systems. This approach considers the relationships between electricity, thermal, and fuel systems; and data and information networks in order to ensure optimal integration and interoperability across the entire spectrum of the energy system. This framework for the integration of energy systems can be adapted to evaluate the interactions between energy and water. This Special Issue focuses on the analysis of water interactions with and dependencies on the dynamics of the electricity sector and the transport sector

History of engineering & technology --- waste heat recovery --- absorption cooling --- water–energy nexus --- steelworks --- TRNSYS --- non-equilibrium molecular dynamics --- deformed carbon nanotubes --- deformed boron nitride nanotubes --- water transport --- diffusion --- Z-distortion --- XY-distortion --- screw distortion --- oil/water separation --- superhydrophilic/underwater-superoleophobic membranes --- opposite properties --- superhydrophobicity/superoleophilicity --- selective wettability --- micro/nanoscale composite structure --- virtual water network --- inter-provincial electricity transmission --- structural decomposition analysis --- electricity-water nexus --- cooling tower --- response surface model --- water --- power plant --- decarbonization --- energy concepts --- long-term energy storage --- power-to-gas --- power-to-X --- wastewater treatment --- anaerobic digestion --- water-energy nexus --- demand response --- energy consumption optimization --- multi-objective model --- urban water system --- local water supply --- electricity demand --- index decomposition analysis