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Book
The Icelandic Concrete Saga : Architecture and Construction (1847-1958)
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ISBN: 9783986120719 3986120718 Year: 2024 Publisher: Berlin : Jovis Verlag GmbH,

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Abstract

"Many would consider a country without building materials uninhabitable." With these words, Minister of Industry Gylfi Þorsteinsson Gíslason opened Iceland's first and only cement plant in 1958. More than a century before, Portland cement was first used as plaster on the walls of the Reykjavík cathedral. At the time, most rural and urban dwellings were still being built from local turf or expensive imported timber. Just a few decades later, Icelandic architects, engineers, and masons were building their country exclusively in concrete. How did this material become so popular that the first decades of the twentieth century are referred to as "the age of concrete"? The Icelandic Concrete Saga focuses on over one hundred years of Icelandic architecture, construction, and technology. It traces the history of an architecture in constant struggle with material scarcity and the natural elements, its outcomes intertwined with Icelandic politics, culture, and society. "Viele halten ein Land ohne Baumaterialien für unbewohnbar." Mit diesen Worten eröffnete Industrieminister Gylfi Þorsteinsson Gíslason 1958 Islands erstes und einziges Zementwerk. Mehr als ein Jahrhundert zuvor war beim Bau der Domkirche von Reykjavík erstmals Portlandzement zum Verputzen von Wänden zum Einsatz gekommen. Seinerzeit fertigte man die meisten städtischen Wohnhäuser noch aus vor Ort gestochenem Torf oder teurem importiertem Bauholz. Nur wenige Jahrzehnte später bauten isländische Architekt*innen, Ingenieur*innen und Maurer*innen ihr Land fast ausschließlich aus Beton. Wie konnte das Material so enorm an Beliebtheit gewinnen, dass die ersten Dekaden des 20. Jahrhunderts auch als "Zeitalter des Betons" in die Geschichte eingingen? The Icelandic Concrete Saga befasst sich mit über hundert Jahren isländischer Architektur, Baupraxis und Technologie. Das Buch begibt sich auf die Spuren einer Architektur, die unablässig gegen Materialknappheit und die Elemente der Natur ankämpft und eng mit der isländischen Politik, Kultur und Gesellschaft verwoben ist.


Book
Impossible Engineering : Technology and Territoriality on the Canal du Midi
Author:
ISBN: 1400833140 Year: 2021 Publisher: Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press,

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The Canal du Midi, which threads through southwestern France and links the Atlantic to the Mediterranean, was an astonishing feat of seventeenth-century engineering--in fact, it was technically impossible according to the standards of its day. Impossible Engineering takes an insightful and entertaining look at the mystery of its success as well as the canal's surprising political significance. The waterway was a marvel that connected modern state power to human control of nature just as surely as it linked the ocean to the sea. The Canal du Midi is typically characterized as the achievement of Pierre-Paul Riquet, a tax farmer and entrepreneur for the canal. Yet Chandra Mukerji argues that it was a product of collective intelligence, depending on peasant women and artisans--unrecognized heirs to Roman traditions of engineering--who came to labor on the waterway in collaboration with military and academic supervisors. Ironically, while Louis XIV and his treasury minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert used propaganda to present France as a new Rome, the Canal du Midi was being constructed with unrecognized classical methods. Still, the result was politically potent. As Mukerji shows, the project took land and power from local nobles, using water itself as a silent agent of the state to disrupt traditions of local life that had served regional elites.Impossible Engineering opens a surprising window into the world of seventeenth-century France and illuminates a singular work of engineering undertaken to empower the state through technical conquest of nature.

Keywords

Appointee. --- Benedict Anderson. --- Bernard Palissy. --- Book. --- Bountiful Harvest. --- Bruno Latour. --- C. Wright Mills. --- Calculation. --- Cambridge University Press. --- Canal du Midi. --- Carcassonne. --- Cardinal Mazarin. --- Chartism. --- Chauvinism. --- Civil engineer. --- Civil engineering. --- Classical tradition. --- Colonialism. --- Contentious politics. --- Courtesy. --- De re metallica. --- Discipline and Punish. --- Divine right of kings. --- Drug court. --- Eminent domain. --- Engineer. --- Engineering design process. --- Engineering. --- Experiential knowledge. --- Fernand Braudel. --- For the Glory. --- Fratricide. --- Friedrich Nietzsche. --- God's Grace. --- Governance. --- Governmentality. --- Handbook. --- Homeschooling. --- Huguenot. --- Hydraulic engineering. --- Immanuel Wallerstein. --- Inception. --- Intendant. --- Jean Bodin. --- Laborer. --- Languedoc. --- Local Hero. --- Logistics. --- Lou Henry Hoover. --- Luc Boltanski. --- Malpas Tunnel. --- Marin Mersenne. --- Market town. --- Metallurgy. --- Museum. --- Neoliberalism. --- Nicolas Fouquet. --- Noel Malcolm. --- Pierre Bourdieu. --- Political alliance. --- Politics. --- Politique. --- Posthumanism. --- Pozzolana. --- Precedent. --- Presses Universitaires de France. --- Revolution. --- Roman Empire. --- Roman aqueduct. --- Roman engineering. --- Royal Canal. --- Salt tax. --- Scaffolding. --- Seawall. --- Setback (architecture). --- Siege of Landau (1702). --- Siege. --- Simon Singh. --- Sophistication. --- Sovereignty. --- State formation. --- Subcontractor. --- Supervisor. --- Tacit knowledge. --- Talcott Parsons. --- Tax. --- Technocracy. --- The Practice of Everyday Life. --- Toulouse. --- Vichy France. --- Visigoths. --- Vitruvius. --- Wall. --- War of Devolution. --- War. --- Warfare. --- Water supply. --- Waterway. --- Wild river. --- Wonders of the World.

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