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This book represents the Special Issue of Energies, entitled “Demand-Response in Smart Buildings”, that was published in the section “Energy and Buildings”. This Special Issue is a collection of original scientific contributions and review papers that deal with smart buildings and communities. Demand response (DR) offers the capability to apply changes in the energy usage of consumers—from their normal consumption patterns—in response to changes in energy pricing over time. This leads to a lower energy demand during peak hours or during periods when an electricity grid’s reliability is put at risk. Therefore, demand response is a reduction in demand designed to reduce peak load or avoid system emergencies. Hence, demand response can be more cost-effective than adding generation capabilities to meet the peak and/or occasional demand spikes. The underlying objective of DR is to actively engage customers in modifying their consumption in response to pricing signals. Demand response is expected to increase energy market efficiency and the security of supply, which will ultimately benefit customers by way of options for managing their electricity costs leading to reduced environmental impact.

History of engineering & technology --- demand response --- artificial neural network --- power predictions --- energy management --- genetic algorithm --- optimisation --- microgrid --- smart grid --- requests time --- cloud computing --- response time --- processing time --- resource allocation --- fog computing --- energy resource --- energy security --- energy sources --- Slovakia --- energy flexibility --- retrofitting interventions --- residential consumption --- electrification in the built environment --- smart cities --- smart energy management --- India --- energy efficiency --- low-carbon mobility --- water-energy nexus

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This book represents the Special Issue of Energies, entitled “Demand-Response in Smart Buildings”, that was published in the section “Energy and Buildings”. This Special Issue is a collection of original scientific contributions and review papers that deal with smart buildings and communities. Demand response (DR) offers the capability to apply changes in the energy usage of consumers—from their normal consumption patterns—in response to changes in energy pricing over time. This leads to a lower energy demand during peak hours or during periods when an electricity grid’s reliability is put at risk. Therefore, demand response is a reduction in demand designed to reduce peak load or avoid system emergencies. Hence, demand response can be more cost-effective than adding generation capabilities to meet the peak and/or occasional demand spikes. The underlying objective of DR is to actively engage customers in modifying their consumption in response to pricing signals. Demand response is expected to increase energy market efficiency and the security of supply, which will ultimately benefit customers by way of options for managing their electricity costs leading to reduced environmental impact.

demand response --- artificial neural network --- power predictions --- energy management --- genetic algorithm --- optimisation --- microgrid --- smart grid --- requests time --- cloud computing --- response time --- processing time --- resource allocation --- fog computing --- energy resource --- energy security --- energy sources --- Slovakia --- energy flexibility --- retrofitting interventions --- residential consumption --- electrification in the built environment --- smart cities --- smart energy management --- India --- energy efficiency --- low-carbon mobility --- water-energy nexus

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Each chapter in this book is written by, and devoted to the original work of a leading researcher in his or her own field. The book presents an integrative approach to the psychological study of time in an attempt to bring to light similarities between bodies of research which have been developed independently within different theoretical frameworks - from Piaget's structuralist-organismic model, to information processing approaches. The chapters are organized in a life-span perspective, with different chapters focusing on different age-levels. It includes analyses of time perception

Developmental psychology --- Time perception --- Human Development --- Ttime Perception --- Human Development. --- Time Perception. --- Chronometry, Mental --- Duration, Intuition of --- Intuition of duration --- Mental chronometry --- Time --- Time, Cognition of --- Time estimation --- Orientation (Psychology) --- Perception --- Development (Psychology) --- Developmental psychobiology --- Psychology --- Life cycle, Human --- Perception, Time --- Perceptions, Time --- Time Perceptions --- Development, Human --- Psychology, Developmental --- Developmental psychology. --- Time perception. --- Experimentele psychologie --- handboeken en inleidingen --- handboeken en inleidingen. --- Time Perception --- Humans --- Temporal Perception --- Temporal Processing --- Time Processing --- Perception, Temporal --- Processing, Temporal --- Processing, Time --- Handboeken en inleidingen.

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Time Perception --- Time perception --- -Schizophrenia --- -Depression, Mental --- -Dejection --- Depression, Unipolar --- Depressive disorder --- Depressive psychoses --- Melancholia --- Mental depression --- Unipolar depression --- Affective disorders --- Neurasthenia --- Neuroses --- Manic-depressive illness --- Melancholy --- Sadness --- Dementia praecox --- Schizophrenic disorders --- Psychoses --- Schizotypal personality disorder --- Chronometry, Mental --- Duration, Intuition of --- Intuition of duration --- Mental chronometry --- Time --- Time, Cognition of --- Time estimation --- Orientation (Psychology) --- Perception --- Perception, Time --- Perceptions, Time --- Time Perceptions --- Case studies --- Depression, Mental --- Schizophrenia --- Case studies. --- Psychological aspects --- -Case studies --- Hours (Time) --- Geodetic astronomy --- Nautical astronomy --- Horology --- Dejection --- Psychological aspects&delete& --- Temporal Perception --- Temporal Processing --- Time Processing --- Perception, Temporal --- Processing, Temporal --- Processing, Time --- Bipolar disorder --- Temps --- Psychologie de l'environnement --- Aspect psychologique

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Time --- Time perception. --- Time Perception. --- Psychology. --- Time. --- Effects, Long-Term --- Effects, Longterm --- Long-Term Effects --- Longterm Effects --- Effect, Long-Term --- Effect, Longterm --- Effects, Long Term --- Long Term Effects --- Long-Term Effect --- Longterm Effect --- Factors, Psychological --- Psychological Factors --- Psychological Side Effects --- Psychologists --- Psychosocial Factors --- Side Effects, Psychological --- Factor, Psychological --- Factor, Psychosocial --- Factors, Psychosocial --- Psychological Factor --- Psychological Side Effect --- Psychologist --- Psychosocial Factor --- Side Effect, Psychological --- Temporal Perception --- Temporal Processing --- Time Processing --- Perception, Temporal --- Perception, Time --- Processing, Temporal --- Processing, Time --- Chronometry, Mental --- Duration, Intuition of --- Intuition of duration --- Mental chronometry --- Time, Cognition of --- Time estimation --- Orientation (Psychology) --- Perception --- Psychological aspects.