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Virus inhibitors --- Virus diseases --- Antiviral agents --- Virus Inhibitors --- Virus Diseases --- Antiviral Agents --- immunology --- Antiviral Agents. --- Virus research --- Agents antiviraux --- Antiviraux --- Maladies à virus --- Virus --- Antiviral agents. --- Virus diseases. --- Virus inhibitors. --- immunology. --- Périodiques. --- Inhibiteurs --- Immunologie --- Antiviruses --- Viral diseases --- Viral infections --- Virus infections --- Antiviral drugs --- Antivirals --- Antiviral Drugs --- Agents, Antiviral --- Drugs, Antiviral --- Viruses --- Communicable diseases --- Medical virology --- Pathogenic viruses --- Anti-infective agents --- Interferon Inducers --- Virus Inactivation --- Chemotherapy --- Antiviral --- Antiviral Agent --- Antiviral Drug --- Agent, Antiviral --- Drug, Antiviral --- Virus Diseases. --- Viral Diseases --- Viral Infections --- Virus Infections --- Disease, Viral --- Disease, Virus --- Diseases, Viral --- Diseases, Virus --- Infection, Viral --- Infection, Virus --- Infections, Viral --- Infections, Virus --- Viral Disease --- Viral Infection --- Virus Disease --- Virus Infection --- Antiviraux. --- Periodicals. --- Viral Protease Inhibitors. --- Inhibitor of Viral Protease --- Virus Protease Inhibitors --- Inhibitors, Viral Protease --- Inhibitors, Virus Protease --- Protease Inhibitor, Viral --- Protease Inhibitors, Viral --- Protease Inhibitors, Virus --- Viral Protease Inhibitor --- Viral Proteases --- antagonists & inhibitors --- Viral Inactivation --- Inactivation, Viral --- Inactivation, Virus

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In the two last decades, proteases have constituted one of the primary and important targets in drug discovery. The U.S. FDA has approved more than 12 protease therapies in the last 10 years, and a number of next-generation or completely new proteases are under clinical development. Protease inhibition strategies are one of the fastest expanding areas in the field of of drugs that show considerable promise. This Special Issue will focus on the recent advances in the discovery and development of protease inhibitors, covering the synthesis of protease inhibitors, the design of new chemical entities acting as inhibitors of special/particular types of proteases, and their mode of actions (Frolova et al. 2020; Slapak et al. 2020; Künnapuu et al. 2021). In addition, the new applications of these interesting compounds/biomolecules and their limitations have been discussed and described (Wang et al. 2020; Bartošová-Sojková et al. 2021).

Research & information: general --- MMP --- MMP2 --- MMP9 --- MMP7 --- MMP14 --- matrix metalloproteases --- PDAC --- pancreatic cancer --- Bowman–Birk inhibitor --- ranacyclin --- trypsin inhibitor --- structure–activity relationship --- synergistic effect --- Gentamicin --- matrix metalloproteinase --- extracellular matrix --- nuclei --- cancer --- apoptosis --- immune response --- cysteine protease inhibitor --- stefin --- signal peptide --- parasite --- phylogenetic analysis --- diversification --- protein structure --- vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) --- VEGF-A --- PlGF --- VEGF-B --- VEGF-C --- VEGF-D --- angiogenesis --- lymphangiogenesis --- CCBE1 --- proteases --- ADAMTS3 --- plasmin --- cathepsin D --- KLK3 --- prostate-specific antigen (PSA) --- thrombin --- wound healing --- metastasis --- proteolytic activation --- vascular biology --- lymphedema

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HIV drug resistance is an unavoidable challenge for HIV/AIDS professionals, and it has long been a major obstacle hindering the global effort to contain HIV/AIDS. Pathogens journal launched a topical collection in 2021 on “Current Research on HIV Drug Resistance”, aiming to catch the latest advancements in HIV resistance diagnosis, surveillance and research. This book compiles all articles published in this collection, combining original research and review articles on HIV drug resistance.

Medicine --- Epidemiology & medical statistics --- HIV drug resistance --- sanger sequencing --- next-generation sequencing --- interrupted antiretroviral therapy --- HIV-1 --- nef --- Botswana --- drug resistance mutations --- 3′-polypurine tract --- dolutegravir --- single genome sequencing --- drug resistance --- integrase strand transfer inhibitors --- replication fitness --- case study --- complex adaptive system --- leverage points --- systems mapping --- Dar es Salaam --- Tanzania --- HIV --- surveillance --- public health --- Mexico --- HIV pretreatment drug resistance --- HIV acquired drug resistance --- Mexico City --- antiviral therapy --- protease inhibitor --- protease --- mutation --- atazanavir --- HCV --- probe capture --- enrichment --- point-of-care test --- resource-limited setting --- testing --- analytes --- specimens --- performance --- n/a --- 3'-polypurine tract

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Protease Inhibitors. --- Trypsin Inhibitors. --- Enzyme inhibitors --- -Proteinase --- -Proteolytic enzymes --- Antagonists, Enzyme --- Enzyme antagonists --- Enzymes --- Inhibitors, Enzyme --- Metabolic inhibitors --- Chemical inhibitors --- Inhibitors, Trypsin --- Trypsin --- Antiproteases --- Protease Inhibitor --- Endopeptidase Inhibitors --- Peptidase Inhibitors --- Peptide Hydrolase Inhibitors --- Peptide Peptidohydrolase Inhibitors --- Protease Antagonists --- Antagonists, Protease --- Hydrolase Inhibitors, Peptide --- Inhibitor, Protease --- Inhibitors, Endopeptidase --- Inhibitors, Peptidase --- Inhibitors, Peptide Hydrolase --- Inhibitors, Peptide Peptidohydrolase --- Inhibitors, Protease --- Peptidohydrolase Inhibitors, Peptide --- Peptide Hydrolases --- Endopeptidases --- Exopeptidases --- Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory --- Congresses --- Antagonists --- Inhibitors --- antagonists & inhibitors --- Proteinase --- Congresses. --- -Congresses --- Protease Inhibitors --- Trypsin Inhibitors --- Proteolytic enzymes --- Trypsin Inhibitor --- Inhibitor, Trypsin --- Antiprotease --- Endopeptidase Inhibitor --- Peptidase Inhibitor --- Peptide Hydrolase Inhibitor --- Peptide Peptidohydrolase Inhibitor --- Protease Antagonist --- Antagonist, Protease --- Hydrolase Inhibitor, Peptide --- Inhibitor, Endopeptidase --- Inhibitor, Peptidase --- Inhibitor, Peptide Hydrolase --- Inhibitor, Peptide Peptidohydrolase --- Peptidohydrolase Inhibitor, Peptide

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Natural-based biomolecules continuously play an important role in novel drug discovery for the treatment of chronic diseases. The development of natural peptide/protein-based, toxin-based, and antibody-based drugs can significantly improve the biomedical efficiency of disease-specific therapy. The focus of this Special Issue of Biomolecules will be on the most recent advances related to novel peptides/proteins, antibodies, and toxins as forms of medicinal therapy. Recent advances in the discovery and development of these natural biomolecules for use in targeted therapy and immunotherapy against chronic diseases (e.g., cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and rheumatoid arthritis) will be addressed. The discussion on using novel disease-specific proteins/peptides/toxins/antibodies along with currently available FDA-approved drugs as combinatorial treatments will also be encouraged in this context. Finally, an overview of some of the selected promising natural biomolecules that are potentially able to address the forthcoming challenges in this field will be included. Both research (in particular) and review articles proposing novelties or overviews, respectively, are welcome.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- DAPK1 --- SUMO --- SENP --- protein degradation --- post-translational modification --- amphibian Bowman-Birk inhibitor --- Tat peptide --- molecular cloning --- antifungal --- drug design --- protease inhibitor --- natural-based compound --- anticancer therapy --- lung cancer --- survivin --- apoptosis --- STAT3 --- colorectal cancer --- orientin --- cell cycle arrest --- Bcl-2 family proteins --- Astragalus membranaceus --- insulin --- PI3K --- AKT --- PPARγ --- PDX-1 --- Petasites japonicus --- Asteraceae --- lignan --- anti-inflammation --- NO --- PGE2 --- iNOS --- COX-2 --- molecular docking --- peptides --- kynurenines --- binding affinity --- μ-opioid receptor --- pharmacophore --- G-protein activation --- fucoidan --- PLGA --- docetaxel --- drug delivery system --- anticancer therapy/cancer treatment --- hIAPP --- amyloidogenesis --- insulin granules --- endoplasmic reticulum --- anionic lipids --- F23R variant --- β-sheet transitions --- β-cell cytotoxicity --- unfolded protein response --- pomegranate --- punicalagin --- tannins --- gingiva --- fibroblasts --- antioxidant --- wound healing --- branched-chain fatty acids --- Conidiobolus heterosporus --- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α --- lipid metabolism --- fatty acid oxidation --- hepatocyte --- n/a