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Despite the importance of the public procurement market, little effort has been made to systematically and consistently collect reliable statistics on a number of critical dimensions. To date, no attempt has been made to collect comparable statistics on the size of public procurement in economies around the world. While data are publicly available for High-income economies, for the rest of the world, data and studies are scarce. However, public procurement is as important in developing countries as it is in advanced economies. Governments in developing countries are significant purchasers of good and services, and these markets represent huge opportunities to enhance competition and development. Low-income countries have the highest share of publicprocurement in their economies, at 14.5 percent of GDP, followed by upper-middle income countries, at 13.6 percent, as data from government sources or international development institutions indicate. International statistics fall short in systematically and comparably capturing a number of other important dimensions of public procurement, including the regulatory and legal environment, risks and costs, quality and efficiency of service delivery, transparency and competition.

Public Procurement --- Public Sector Development --- Public Sector Management and Reform

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Government purchasing --- Government procurement --- Procurement, Government --- Public procurement --- Public purchasing --- Purchasing

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Government purchasing --- Government procurement --- Procurement, Government --- Public procurement --- Public purchasing --- Purchasing --- Law and legislation --- United States.

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Given its size, public procurement matters for economic development. Transparency, competition, accountability, efficiency, and innovation are most commonly noted as guiding principles for achieving best value for money in public contracts. Yet, large-scale, frequently updated, and comparable data on public procurement processes are scarce. This paper presents the methodology and findings of a new global indicator that benchmarks public procurement regulations and practices across 191 economies. The indicator proposes three dimensions to measure the effective implementation of public procurement systems in practice, as applied to a standardized recurrent infrastructure (roads) contract. The three dimensions include the steps and associated time required to complete the procurement process, and the availability and sophistication of e-procurement platforms. A final, fourth component benchmarks the regulatory framework applicable to such contracts. Economies that score higher in the indicator are those with more effective governments, higher quality of roads, and smaller perceptions of corruption. Looking more closely at the scores along the four dimensions reveals that countries differ to a lesser extent in terms of regulatory practices, compared with the use of new technologies such as e-procurement, where considerable gaps between economies exist.

E-Procurement --- Governance --- Government Effectiveness --- Infrastructure --- National Governance --- Public Procurement --- Public Sector Development --- Regulatory Framework

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Overall, commendable progress has been made in modernizing public procurement in Bulgaria since the procurement strategy was launched in 2014 and the landmark legislation was passed in 2016. This report provides an assessment of the public procurement system in Bulgaria, reviewing progress since the public procurement act was passed by Parliament in 2016, and providing a series of recommendations for further improvement. The government of Bulgaria should continue to co-ordinate relevant activities aimed at improving the public procurement system, including on the basis of the recommendations of this report.

Audits --- Corruption --- Public Procurement --- Public Sector Development --- Public Sector Management and Reform --- Transparency