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One of the greatest mysteries in reconstructing the history of life on Earth has been the apparent absence of fossils dating back more than 550 million years. We have long known that fossils of sophisticated marine life-forms existed at the dawn of the Cambrian Period, but until recently scientists had found no traces of Precambrian fossils. The quest to find such traces began in earnest in the mid-1960s and culminated in one dramatic moment in 1993 when William Schopf identified fossilized microorganisms three and a half billion years old. This startling find opened up a vast period of time--some eighty-five percent of Earth's history--to new research and new ideas about life's beginnings. In this book, William Schopf, a pioneer of modern paleobiology, tells for the first time the exciting and fascinating story of the origins and earliest evolution of life and how that story has been unearthed. Gracefully blending his personal story of discovery with the basics needed to understand the astonishing science he describes, Schopf has produced an introduction to paleobiology for the interested reader as well as a primer for beginning students in the field. He considers such questions as how did primitive bacteria, pond scum, evolve into the complex life-forms found at the beginning of the Cambrian Period? How do scientists identify ancient microbes and what do these tiny creatures tell us about the environment of the early Earth? (And, in a related chapter, Schopf discusses his role in the controversy that swirls around recent claims of fossils in the famed meteorite from Mars.) Like all great teachers, Schopf teaches the non-specialist enough about his subject along the way that we can easily follow his descriptions of the geology, biology, and chemistry behind these discoveries. Anyone interested in the intriguing questions of the origins of life on Earth and how those origins have been discovered will find this story the best place to start.

Evolutionary paleobiology. --- Micropaleontology. --- Life --- Paleontology --- Origin. --- Abiogenesis. --- Acritarch. --- Addition. --- Aerobic organism. --- Amino acid. --- Archaea. --- Archean. --- Autotroph. --- Bacteria. --- Beijing Zoo. --- Burgess Shale. --- Carbon dioxide. --- Cell wall. --- Charles Darwin. --- Charles Doolittle Walcott. --- Chert. --- Chloroplast. --- Chromosome. --- Coelom. --- Coffin. --- Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. --- Crust (geology). --- Cyanobacteria. --- Darwin's Dilemma. --- Determination. --- Deuterium. --- Electricity. --- Enzyme. --- Eukaryote. --- Evolution. --- Evolutionary biology. --- Fermentation. --- Foraminifera. --- Fungus. --- Gene. --- Genetic engineering. --- Geologist. --- Geology. --- Giant salamander. --- Glucose. --- Glycine. --- Glycolysis. --- Greenhouse effect. --- Hallucigenia. --- Heterocyst. --- Heterotroph. --- Hydrocarbon. --- Interstellar cloud. --- Law of superposition. --- Layperson. --- Lipid. --- Marine biology. --- Metabolism. --- Meteorite. --- Microorganism. --- Microwave. --- Mitochondrion. --- Mitosis. --- Molecule. --- Monomer. --- Mycoplasma. --- Natural gas. --- Nitrate. --- Nitrogen. --- Nucleic acid. --- Nucleotide. --- Organic acid. --- Organic compound. --- Organism. --- Ottoia. --- Paleobiology. --- Paleontology. --- Paleozoic. --- Phanerozoic. --- Photosynthesis. --- Phototroph. --- Plant. --- Plate tectonics. --- Polymer. --- Precambrian. --- Prokaryote. --- Properties of water. --- Protein. --- Proterozoic. --- Protozoa. --- Purple bacteria. --- Pyruvic acid. --- Ribosome. --- Richard Feynman. --- Sedimentary rock. --- Smithsonian Institution. --- Stromatolite. --- Sulfate minerals. --- Taxon. --- Tempo and Mode in Evolution. --- Thioformaldehyde. --- Thomas Kuhn. --- Trilobite. --- Zygote.

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Nitric oxide has proven to be a molecule with wide biological significance. It is involved in myriad actions which range from physiology to pathophysiology. One of the fundamental questions in relation to its biological relevance concerns the paradoxical nature of some of its actions. For example, there is a whole range of effects related to cytoprotection, cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. The way in which nitric oxide becomes involved in pathophysiology is slowly being elucidated. This volume contains a summary of the discussions that took place at the Second International Paraelios Symposium on Nitric Oxide research, and will make a significant contribution to this very exciting subject.Originally published in 1998.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Nitric oxide --- Cell proliferation --- Cell differentiation --- Apoptosis --- Physiological effect --- Pathophysiology --- Molecular aspects --- 7-Chlorokynurenic acid. --- 7-Nitroindazole. --- AMPA receptor. --- AMPA. --- Aconitase. --- Activation. --- Alkaline phosphatase. --- Antioxidant. --- Apoptosis. --- Arginine. --- Aspartic acid. --- Bcl-2. --- Botulinum toxin. --- Carcinogenesis. --- Cell death. --- Cellular respiration. --- Chloral hydrate. --- Cyanide. --- Cyclooxygenase. --- Cyclothiazide. --- Cytochrome c oxidase. --- Cytostasis. --- Cytotoxicity. --- Dialysis. --- EGTA (chemical). --- Electron transport chain. --- Enantiomer. --- Endonuclease. --- Endothelial NOS. --- Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. --- Excitotoxicity. --- Exocytosis. --- Gliotoxin. --- Glomerulonephritis. --- Glutamic acid. --- Glutathione. --- Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. --- Glycerol. --- Glycine. --- Hydrogen peroxide. --- IC50. --- Immortalised cell line. --- Immunoassay. --- Immunohistochemistry. --- Interferon. --- L1210 cells. --- Lipid peroxidation. --- Lipopolysaccharide. --- Lipoxygenase. --- Lysis. --- Macrophage. --- Methemoglobin. --- Mitochondrion. --- N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid. --- NMDA receptor. --- Necrosis. --- Nitration. --- Nitric oxide. --- Nitrite. --- Nitrosamine. --- Nitrosation. --- Nitroso. --- Nitrosylation. --- Nitrous oxide. --- Nitrovasodilator. --- Nocodazole. --- Norepinephrine. --- Oxidative stress. --- Oxide. --- Oxypurinol. --- P53. --- Penicillamine. --- Peroxide. --- Peroxynitrite. --- Phosphodiesterase inhibitor. --- Phosphodiesterase. --- Phospholipid. --- Pro-oxidant. --- Propidium iodide. --- Prostacyclin. --- Protonation. --- Pyruvic acid. --- Radical (chemistry). --- Reactive nitrogen species. --- Reuptake. --- S-Nitrosoglutathione. --- S-Nitrosylation. --- Sodium nitrite. --- Sodium nitroprusside. --- Somatostatin. --- Superoxide dismutase. --- Superoxide. --- T cell. --- TNF inhibitor. --- Tetanospasmin. --- Thromboxane A2. --- Transfection. --- Transition metal. --- Trifluoperazine. --- Xanthine oxidase.