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A biophysicist reveals the hidden unity behind nature’s breathtaking complexityThe form and function of a sprinting cheetah are quite unlike those of a rooted tree. A human being is very different from a bacterium or a zebra. The living world is a realm of dazzling variety, yet a shared set of physical principles shapes the forms and behaviors of every creature in it. So Simple a Beginning shows how the emerging new science of biophysics is transforming our understanding of life on Earth and enabling potentially lifesaving but controversial technologies such as gene editing, artificial organ growth, and ecosystem engineering.Raghuveer Parthasarathy explains how four basic principles—self-assembly, regulatory circuits, predictable randomness, and scaling—shape the machinery of life on scales ranging from microscopic molecules to gigantic elephants. He describes how biophysics is helping to unlock the secrets of a host of natural phenomena, such as how your limbs know to form at the proper places, and why humans need lungs but ants do not. Parthasarathy explores how the cutting-edge biotechnologies of tomorrow could enable us to alter living things in ways both subtle and profound.Featuring dozens of original watercolors and drawings by the author, this sweeping tour of biophysics offers astonishing new perspectives on how the wonders of life can arise from so simple a beginning.

Biophysics. --- SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Biophysics. --- Biological physics --- Biology --- Medical sciences --- Physics --- Abiogenesis. --- Alfred Russel Wallace. --- Anatomy. --- Aquatic locomotion. --- Bacteria. --- Behavior. --- Biochemistry. --- Biology. --- Branching (polymer chemistry). --- Bursting. --- Calculation. --- Carl Linnaeus. --- Cartilage. --- Cellular component. --- Charles Darwin. --- Chemical bond. --- Chemical reaction. --- Combustion. --- Computation. --- Cystic fibrosis. --- Dengue fever. --- Density. --- Disease. --- Elaboration. --- Electric charge. --- Embryo. --- Emergence. --- Emerging technologies. --- Eradication of infectious diseases. --- Evolution. --- Gasoline. --- Gene. --- Genetic code. --- Genetics. --- Interstitial fluid. --- Joseph Plateau. --- Magnetic field. --- Malaria. --- Metabolism. --- Microorganism. --- Mixed nuts. --- Mixture. --- Moisture. --- Molecule. --- Multitude. --- Nucleic acid sequence. --- On the Origin of Species. --- Organism. --- Osteichthyes. --- Phenomenon. --- Photoreceptor cell. --- Physical change. --- Physical law. --- Physicist. --- Prediction. --- Prenatal development. --- Principle. --- Probability. --- Protein. --- Randomness. --- Raw material. --- Receptor (biochemistry). --- Regulation of gene expression. --- Retina. --- Self-assembly. --- Smallpox. --- Soap bubble. --- Soap film. --- Speciation. --- Statistic. --- Steel frame. --- Stiffness. --- Subatomic particle. --- Surface area. --- Swim bladder. --- Technology. --- Temperature. --- Thermodynamics. --- Thought. --- Towel. --- Trait theory. --- Uncertainty. --- Universe. --- Vertebra. --- SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Biophysics --- SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Anatomy & Physiology (see also Life Sciences / Human Anatomy & Physiology)

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"A fresh look at electricity and its powerful role in life on EarthWhen we think of electricity, we likely imagine the energy humming inside our home appliances or lighting up our electronic devices-or perhaps we envision the lightning-streaked clouds of a stormy sky. But electricity is more than an external source of power, heat, or illumination. Life at its essence is nothing if not electrical.The story of how we came to understand electricity's essential role in all life is rooted in our observations of its influences on the body-influences governed by the body's central nervous system. Spark explains the science of electricity from this fresh, biological perspective. Through vivid tales of scientists and individuals-from Benjamin Franklin to Elon Musk-Timothy Jorgensen shows how our views of electricity and the nervous system evolved in tandem, and how progress in one area enabled advancements in the other. He explains how these developments have allowed us to understand-and replicate-the ways electricity enables the body's essential functions of sight, hearing, touch, and movement itself.Throughout, Jorgensen examines our fascination with electricity and how it can help or harm us. He explores a broad range of topics and events, including the Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of the electron and neuron, the history of experimentation involving electricity's effects on the body, and recent breakthroughs in the use of electricity to treat disease.Filled with gripping adventures in scientific exploration, Spark offers an indispensable look at electricity, how it works, and how it animates our lives from within and without"--

Electricity. --- Galvanism --- Mathematical physics --- Physics --- Magnetism --- Action potential. --- Amputation. --- Anesthetic. --- Battery charger. --- Battery terminal. --- Biology. --- Bladder stone. --- Brain Wave. --- Charles Wheatstone. --- Chemistry. --- Complication (medicine). --- Computer vision. --- Concoction. --- Conductivity (electrolytic). --- Corporal. --- Cranial nerves. --- Deaf-mute. --- Death by burning. --- Detection. --- Disease. --- Drawing. --- Duchenne muscular dystrophy. --- Eardrum. --- Earthenware. --- Effectiveness. --- Electric charge. --- Electric current. --- Electric fence. --- Electrical wiring. --- Electrocution. --- Electrode. --- Electrolysis. --- Electrostatic generator. --- Electrotherapy. --- Ethnology. --- Experimental philosophy. --- First principle. --- Fundamental unit (number theory). --- Garden hose. --- Heat. --- Human body temperature. --- Implementation. --- Insulator (electricity). --- Internal resistance. --- Ketamine. --- Kite experiment. --- Lens (anatomy). --- Leyden jar. --- Mains electricity. --- Malnutrition. --- Melanin. --- Michael Faraday. --- Military personnel. --- Mr. --- Muscle relaxant. --- Muscular dystrophy. --- Neuralink. --- Neurosurgery. --- Neurotoxin. --- Neutron. --- Nitrogen. --- Nutrition. --- O-ring. --- Pancreas. --- Parkinson's disease. --- Phenomenon. --- Physician. --- Positive feedback. --- Potassium. --- Power transmission. --- Pressure gradient. --- Protein. --- Receptor (biochemistry). --- Reductionism. --- Residual-current device. --- Root cause. --- Saddam Hussein. --- Sciatic nerve. --- Sensory loss. --- Smoke detector. --- Social stigma. --- Speed bump. --- Spermatorrhea. --- Static electricity. --- Stephen Gray (scientist). --- Stick figure. --- Subatomic particle. --- Testimonial. --- Toxicity. --- Transmission (medicine). --- Trauma center. --- Ultraviolet. --- Universal rule. --- Unpaired electron. --- Vagus nerve stimulation. --- Vagus nerve. --- Water supply. --- William Kemmler. --- Yellow perch.

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A fun and fact-filled A-Z treasury for anyone with a head on their shoulders, Neuropedia journeys into the mysteries and marvels of the three pounds of tissue between your ears—the brain. Eric Chudler takes you on a breathtaking tour of the nervous system with dozens of entries that explore the structure and function of the brain and cover topics such as the spinal cord and nerve cells, the methods of neuroscientific research, and the visionary scientists who have dedicated their lives to understanding what makes each of us who we are. The brain has fascinated and puzzled researchers, physicians, and philosophers for thousands of years and captivated us with each new discovery. This compendium of neuroscientific wonders is brimming with facts and insights, helping us to make sense of our current understanding of the nervous system while identifying the frontiers in our knowledge that remain unexplored. Chudler guides readers through a variety of rare and common neurological disorders such as alien hand disorder, Capgras syndrome, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and stroke, and discusses the latest brain-imaging methods used to diagnose them. He discusses neurochemicals, neurotoxins, and lifesaving drugs, and offers bold perspectives on human consciousness that enable us to better appreciate our place in nature. With marvelous illustrations by Kelly Chudler, Neuropedia is an informative and entertaining trip into the inner world of the brain.

Brain. --- Brain --- Acetylcholine receptor. --- Acetylcholine. --- Action potential. --- Addiction. --- Agenesis of the corpus callosum. --- Alien hand syndrome. --- Alzheimer's disease. --- Amnesia. --- Amphibian. --- Anger. --- Anterior cerebral artery. --- Anxiolytic. --- Arachnoid mater. --- Astrocyte. --- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. --- Axon terminal. --- Axon. --- Blood vessel. --- Blood-brain barrier. --- Brain damage. --- Brain injury. --- CT scan. --- Catalepsy. --- Cerebellum. --- Cerebral cortex. --- Cerebrospinal fluid. --- Chemical synapse. --- Cocaine. --- Coronavirus. --- Covid-19. --- Cranial nerves. --- Delicacy. --- Dementia with Lewy bodies. --- Dendrite. --- Dextroamphetamine. --- Dopamine. --- Dura mater. --- Electrode. --- Electroencephalography. --- Epilepsy. --- Eye movement. --- Gamma-Aminobutyric acid. --- Headache. --- Hormone. --- Human brain. --- Hypothalamus. --- Insecticide. --- Ion channel. --- James W. Watts. --- L-DOPA. --- Lewy body. --- Local anesthetic. --- MDMA. --- Meningitis. --- Muscle. --- Narcolepsy. --- Nerve agent. --- Neural development. --- Neurological disorder. --- Neuron. --- Neuroscientist. --- Neurotransmitter. --- Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. --- Node of Ranvier. --- On Intelligence. --- Oval window. --- Panaeolus. --- Parietal lobe. --- Parkinson's disease. --- Pathology. --- Peripheral nervous system. --- Posterior cerebral artery. --- Princeton University. --- Prosopagnosia. --- Psychology. --- Radio frequency. --- Rapid eye movement sleep. --- Receptor (biochemistry). --- Riluzole. --- Rosemary Kennedy. --- Schizophrenia. --- Scientist. --- Serotonin. --- Short-term memory. --- Sleep disorder. --- Sodium. --- Spatial memory. --- Spina bifida. --- Spinal cord. --- Stimulant. --- Symptom. --- Syndrome. --- Temporal lobe. --- The Canon of Medicine. --- Toothpaste. --- Tourette syndrome. --- Ventricular system. --- Visual Objects. --- Vomiting. --- Wernicke's encephalopathy. --- Anatomy. --- Physiology. --- SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Neuroscience --- PSYCHOLOGY / Neuropsychology

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The past few years have witnessed an explosive increase in our collective knowledge of the biology of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Researchers have acquired new understanding of the virus's biochemistry, molecular biology, pathogenesis, genetics, and immunobiology. Resulting therapeutic advances have significantly prolonged the lives of thousands. Yet, the need to develop better therapies is ever more acute and--given the virus's continued spread through the human population--the need for an effective vaccine is urgent. These goals can be accomplished only through the experienced synthesis of information from the many disciplines participating in HIV research and through the insights of new investigators. This volume is designed to lower the barriers imposed on investigators by the sheer volume of available information--information that often can be found only in far-flung and specialized journals. It provides, in a single resource, an in-depth overview of the diverse areas that constitute HIV research. The result is a broad introduction for students and researchers new to the field as well as an integrated overview for researchers specialized in particular areas of HIV investigation. The volume will also benefit those seeking technical understanding of the virus's biology, including physicians treating HIV-infected patients. Each chapter is a comprehensive presentation of one area of current AIDS research--including work on the virus life cycle, epidemiology, genetics, protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors, receptor and co-receptor interactions, therapeutic targets, clinical treatment, immunobiology, and vaccines--written by a leading researcher in that area. The contributors are Jon P. Anderson, Jan Balzarini, Elana Cherry, Thomas J. Coates, Chris Collins, Jon H. Condra, Mark B. Feinberg, Richard B. Gaynor, Matthias Götte, Daria J. Hazuda, Spyros Kalams, Nathaniel R. Landau, Gerald H. Learn, Norman L. Letvin, James I. Mullins, Willscott E. Naugler, David Nickle, Matthew Rain, Allen G. Rodrigo, Daniel Shriner, Shalom Spira, Mario Stevenson, Todd Summers, Catherine Ulich, Joseph P. Vacca, Mark A. Wainberg, Bruce D. Walker, and Yang Wang.

Infections à VIH. --- Virus du sida. --- HIV Infections --- HIV-1 --- HIV infections --- HIV (Viruses) --- therapy. --- chemistry. --- immunology. --- Pathogenesis. --- Immunotherapy. --- Molecular aspects. --- Activation. --- Active site. --- Amino acid. --- Antibody. --- Antigen. --- Antiviral drug. --- Apoptosis. --- Assay. --- C-terminus. --- CCR5. --- CD4. --- CD8. --- CXCR4. --- Cell culture. --- Cell membrane. --- Chemokine receptor. --- Chemokine. --- Chemotherapy. --- Cofactor (biochemistry). --- Cytokine. --- Cytoplasm. --- Cytotoxic T cell. --- DNA synthesis. --- DNA, Viral. --- Dendritic cell. --- Disease Progression. --- Disease. --- Drug Therapy. --- Drug resistance. --- Efficacy. --- Enzyme. --- Epidemic. --- Epitope. --- Feline immunodeficiency virus. --- Gene expression. --- Gene product. --- Glycoprotein. --- Gp41. --- HIV vaccine. --- HIV. --- HIV/AIDS. --- Immortalised cell line. --- Immunodeficiency. --- In vitro. --- In vivo. --- Infection. --- Infectivity. --- Integrase. --- Lentivirus. --- Lymphocyte. --- Lysis. --- Macrophage. --- Major histocompatibility complex. --- Management of HIV/AIDS. --- Messenger RNA. --- Molecule. --- Moloney murine leukemia virus. --- Monoclonal antibody. --- Mutagenesis. --- Mutation rate. --- Mutation. --- Nucleic acid. --- Nucleotide. --- Oligonucleotide. --- Opportunistic infection. --- Pathogen. --- Peptide. --- Phenotype. --- Phosphorylation. --- Point mutation. --- Pre-integration complex. --- Processing (Chinese materia medica). --- Processivity. --- Protease. --- Protein. --- Provirus. --- RNA polymerase II. --- RNA, Viral. --- Receptor (biochemistry). --- Resistance mutation. --- Retrovirus. --- Reverse transcriptase. --- Reverse-transcriptase inhibitor. --- Ribonuclease H. --- Simian immunodeficiency virus. --- Superinfection. --- T cell. --- Vaccine. --- Vertically transmitted infection. --- Viral envelope. --- Viral load. --- Viral protein. --- Viral replication. --- Viremia. --- Virus Assembly. --- Virus. --- Vpr. --- Vpu. --- Zidovudine.