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The present study was undertaken to assess whether the change urinary excretion of eicosanoids (i.e., a decrease of 6-keto-PGF[1α] anf PGF[2], and an increase of thromboxane, previously found in lead (Pb) exposed workers (Cárdenas et al., 1993) may decrease the renal hemodynamic response to an acute oral protein load. The renal hemodynamic response was estimated by determining the capacity of the kidney to increase the glomerular filtration rate (in terms of creatinine clearance) after an acute consumption of cooked red meat (400g). A cross-sectional study was carried out in 76 male Pb workers (age : from 30-60 years) and 68 referents matched for age, sex, socio-economic state, general environment (residence), and workshift characteristocs. The Pb workers had been exposed to lead on average for 18 years (range 3-63) and showed a three times higher body burden of lead than the referents as estimated by in vivo measurements of tibial lead concentration (geometric mean : 6 versus 21 µg Pb/g bone mineral). The geometric mean of lead in blood (PbB) and lead in urine (PbU) were also significantly higher in the Pb group (PbB : 430 versus 141 µg Pb/L ; PbU : 40 versus 7.5 µg Pb/g creatinine). These conditions of chronic lead exposure did not entail any significant changes in the concentration of blood borne and urinary markers of nephrotoxicity, such as urinary low and high molecular weight plasma-derived proteins (i.e., β2-microglobulin, retinol-binding protein, albumin, transferring), urinary activities of N-acetyl- β-D-glucosaminidase and kallifrein, and serum concentrations of creatinine, β2-microglobulin, urea, and uric acid.
All paricipants also had normal baseline creatinine clearance (>80mL/min/1.73 m[2]) amounting on average to 115.5 in the referents versus 121.3 mL/min/1.73m[2] in the Pb group. Both control and Pb-exposed workers showed a significant increment in creatinine clearance (on average 15%) after oral protein load suggesting that the previously observed changes in secretion of urinary eicosanoids apparently has no deleterious effect on renal hemodynamics in the examined Pb workers. The finding that both baseline and stimulated creatinine clearance rates were not only significantly higher in the Pb workers but also positivey correlated with tibia lead, suggests that moderate exposure to lead may be associated with a slight hyperfiltration state which has been found to attenuate the age-related decline in baseline creatinine clearance by a factor of two. Although the significance of this effect for the workers health is unknown, it can be conclude that adverse renal changes are unlikely to occur in the majority of adult male Pb workers chen their blood lead concentration is regularly kept below 700 µg Pb/L. One should however, be cautious in extrapolating this conclusion to the general population because of preemployment screening of the Pb workers for the absence of renal risk factors.

Lead Poisoning --- Renal Function Tests --- Occupational Exposure

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This e-book is dedicated to the celebration of 20 years of the Brazilian Symposium on Cardiovascular Physiology. In 1996 groups from the School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (FMRP-USP) and from the Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP) joined together to discuss cardiovascular physiology. In subsequent editions of the meeting, the participation of other groups from all over the country has grown and acquired the status of a national symposium. The participants now agree that the symposium should be itinerant and that the chair group is responsible for its organization. In 2016, we proudly reached the 20th edition of the Brazilian Symposium on Cardiovascular Physiology. It is certainly a memorable date and a great opportunity to share the accomplishments of Brazilian groups in the field of cardiovascular physiology.

Cardiovascular Physiology --- XX Brazilian Symposium on Cardiovascular Physiology --- Renal function --- Autonomic Nervous System --- cardiac function --- Vascular function --- Cardiovascular Physiology --- XX Brazilian Symposium on Cardiovascular Physiology --- Renal function --- Autonomic Nervous System --- cardiac function --- Vascular function

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This e-book is dedicated to the celebration of 20 years of the Brazilian Symposium on Cardiovascular Physiology. In 1996 groups from the School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (FMRP-USP) and from the Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP) joined together to discuss cardiovascular physiology. In subsequent editions of the meeting, the participation of other groups from all over the country has grown and acquired the status of a national symposium. The participants now agree that the symposium should be itinerant and that the chair group is responsible for its organization. In 2016, we proudly reached the 20th edition of the Brazilian Symposium on Cardiovascular Physiology. It is certainly a memorable date and a great opportunity to share the accomplishments of Brazilian groups in the field of cardiovascular physiology.

Cardiovascular Physiology --- XX Brazilian Symposium on Cardiovascular Physiology --- Renal function --- Autonomic Nervous System --- cardiac function --- Vascular function

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The field of design and health, formerly known as the domain of healthcare design professionals, has now reached a turning point with the proliferation of a plethora of non-invasive wearable technologies, to provide the objective and near-real-time measurement of the impact of many features of the built environment on aspects of health, wellbeing and performance. In turn, new materials and the Internet of Things are allowing the development of smart buildings, which can interact with occupants to optimize their health, wellbeing, performance and overall experience. Companies that have previously focused on positioning themselves as “green” are now turning to positioning themselves in the marketplace as both green and healthy. This Special Issue will include articles that address new cutting edge technologies and materials at the interface between design and health, and review some of the latest findings related to studies which use these technologies. This SI will also suggest exciting future directions for the field. It will include articles which focus on the objective data gathered to document the effects of the built environment on health. Importantly, it will focus on the use of innovative methods of measurement, such as state-of-the-art wearable and environmental sensors, quantifying some aspects of health, such as stress and relaxation responses, activity, posture, sleep quality, cognitive performance and wellbeing outcomes. It will also examine the impacts of different elements of the built environment on these health and wellbeing outcomes. The published articles will focus on the design interventions informed by these measurements, along with innovative integrated building materials that can shape the design of built environments for better health, productivity, and performance. It will also address the return on investment (ROI) of such design interventions. This Special Issue will provide both the foundational knowledge and fundamentals for characterizing human health and wellbeing in the built environment, as well as the emerging trends and design methods for innovations in this field.

Research & information: general --- lifestyle --- mood states --- perceived restorativeness scale --- positive and negative affect schedule --- quality of life --- resilience --- restorative outcome scale --- Shinrin-yoku --- stress coping --- subjective vitality scale --- open spaces 2 --- CKD 3 --- renal function --- exercise --- obesity --- urban environment --- walkability --- active transportation --- college students --- supportive soundscape --- sonic environment --- nursing homes --- ageing --- dementia --- green spaces --- cardiovascular risk factors --- gender --- hypercholesterolemia --- hypertension --- diabetes --- bamboo forest therapy --- psychological responses --- physiological responses --- immune system --- violent crime --- urban parks --- greenspace --- green space --- scoping review --- systematic review --- literature review --- urban --- landscape --- brain --- visual --- green --- contemplative --- mental health --- well-being --- FAA --- EEG --- UGS --- depression --- human health --- built environment --- urban open space --- forest healing --- wellbeing --- psychology --- physiology

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The field of design and health, formerly known as the domain of healthcare design professionals, has now reached a turning point with the proliferation of a plethora of non-invasive wearable technologies, to provide the objective and near-real-time measurement of the impact of many features of the built environment on aspects of health, wellbeing and performance. In turn, new materials and the Internet of Things are allowing the development of smart buildings, which can interact with occupants to optimize their health, wellbeing, performance and overall experience. Companies that have previously focused on positioning themselves as “green” are now turning to positioning themselves in the marketplace as both green and healthy. This Special Issue will include articles that address new cutting edge technologies and materials at the interface between design and health, and review some of the latest findings related to studies which use these technologies. This SI will also suggest exciting future directions for the field. It will include articles which focus on the objective data gathered to document the effects of the built environment on health. Importantly, it will focus on the use of innovative methods of measurement, such as state-of-the-art wearable and environmental sensors, quantifying some aspects of health, such as stress and relaxation responses, activity, posture, sleep quality, cognitive performance and wellbeing outcomes. It will also examine the impacts of different elements of the built environment on these health and wellbeing outcomes. The published articles will focus on the design interventions informed by these measurements, along with innovative integrated building materials that can shape the design of built environments for better health, productivity, and performance. It will also address the return on investment (ROI) of such design interventions. This Special Issue will provide both the foundational knowledge and fundamentals for characterizing human health and wellbeing in the built environment, as well as the emerging trends and design methods for innovations in this field.

Research & information: general --- lifestyle --- mood states --- perceived restorativeness scale --- positive and negative affect schedule --- quality of life --- resilience --- restorative outcome scale --- Shinrin-yoku --- stress coping --- subjective vitality scale --- open spaces 2 --- CKD 3 --- renal function --- exercise --- obesity --- urban environment --- walkability --- active transportation --- college students --- supportive soundscape --- sonic environment --- nursing homes --- ageing --- dementia --- green spaces --- cardiovascular risk factors --- gender --- hypercholesterolemia --- hypertension --- diabetes --- bamboo forest therapy --- psychological responses --- physiological responses --- immune system --- violent crime --- urban parks --- greenspace --- green space --- scoping review --- systematic review --- literature review --- urban --- landscape --- brain --- visual --- green --- contemplative --- mental health --- well-being --- FAA --- EEG --- UGS --- depression --- human health --- built environment --- urban open space --- forest healing --- wellbeing --- psychology --- physiology --- lifestyle --- mood states --- perceived restorativeness scale --- positive and negative affect schedule --- quality of life --- resilience --- restorative outcome scale --- Shinrin-yoku --- stress coping --- subjective vitality scale --- open spaces 2 --- CKD 3 --- renal function --- exercise --- obesity --- urban environment --- walkability --- active transportation --- college students --- supportive soundscape --- sonic environment --- nursing homes --- ageing --- dementia --- green spaces --- cardiovascular risk factors --- gender --- hypercholesterolemia --- hypertension --- diabetes --- bamboo forest therapy --- psychological responses --- physiological responses --- immune system --- violent crime --- urban parks --- greenspace --- green space --- scoping review --- systematic review --- literature review --- urban --- landscape --- brain --- visual --- green --- contemplative --- mental health --- well-being --- FAA --- EEG --- UGS --- depression --- human health --- built environment --- urban open space --- forest healing --- wellbeing --- psychology --- physiology