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Molecular biology has driven a powerful reductionist, or “molecule-c- tric,” approach to biological research in the last half of the 20th century. Red- tionism is the attempt to explain complex phenomena by defining the functional properties of the individual components of the system. Bloom (1) has referred to the post-genome sequencing era as the end of “naïve reductionism. ” Red- tionist methods will continue to be an essential element of all biological research efforts, but “naïve reductionism,” the belief that reductionism alone can lead to a complete understanding of living organisms, is not tenable. Organisms are clearly much more than the sum of their parts, and the behavior of complex physiological processes cannot be understood simply by knowing how the parts work in isolation. Systems biology has emerged in the wake of genome sequencing as the s- cessor to reductionism (2–5). The “systems” of systems biology are defined over a wide span of complexity ranging from two macromolecules that interact to carry out a specific task to whole organisms. Systems biology is integrative and seeks to understand and predict the behavior or “emergent” properties of complex, multicomponent biological processes. A systems-level characteri- tion of a biological process addresses the following three main questions: (1) What are the parts of the system (i. e.

Caenorhabditis elegans --- Caenorhabditis elegans. --- Molecular biology. --- Biologie moléculaire --- physiology. --- ultrastructure. --- Genetics. --- Génétique --- Caenorhabditis elegans -- Genetics. --- Molecular biology --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Caenorhabditis --- Rhabditoidea --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Rhabditida --- Secernentea --- Nematoda --- Helminths --- Invertebrates --- Animals --- Eukaryota --- Organisms --- Physiology --- Zoology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Invertebrates & Protozoa --- Genetics --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology --- Human genetics. --- Human Genetics. --- Heredity, Human --- Human biology --- Physical anthropology

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Aging is loosely defined as the accumulation of changes in an organism over time. At the cellular level such changes are distinct and multidimensional: DNA replication ceases, cells stop dividing, they become senescent and eventually die. DNA metabolism and chromosomal maintenance, together with protein metabolism are critical in the aging process. The focus of this book is on the role of protein metabolism and homeostasis in aging. An overview is provided of the current knowledge in the area, including protein synthesis, accuracy and repair, post-translational modifications, degradation and turnover, and how they define and influence aging. The chapters mainly focus on well-characterised factors and pathways, but new areas are also presented, where associations with aging are just being elucidated by current experimental data. Protein turnover, the balance between protein synthesis and protein degradation are carefully maintained in healthy cells. Chapters 1 and 2 illustrate that aging cells are characterised by alterations in the rate, level and accuracy of protein synthesis compared to young ones, and that mRNA translation, essential for cell growth and survival, is controlled at multiple levels. The theory that growth and somatic maintenance are believed to be antagonistic processes is described in Chapter 3: inhibition of protein synthesis results in decreased rates of growth and development, but also confers an extension of lifespan, as shown for example by the effects of dietary restriction in various models organisms.

Aging --Physiological aspects. --- Cells --Aging. --- Homeostasis. --- Proteins --Metabolism. --- Proteins --- Cells --- Aging --- Homeostasis --- Models, Theoretical --- Cell Physiological Processes --- Caenorhabditis --- Biology --- Growth and Development --- Helminth Proteins --- Metabolic Phenomena --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Physiological Processes --- Rhabditoidea --- Phenomena and Processes --- Physiological Phenomena --- Cell Physiological Phenomena --- Investigative Techniques --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Rhabditida --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Secernentea --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Nematoda --- Models, Biological --- Metabolism --- Physiology --- Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins --- Genetics --- Cell Aging --- Caenorhabditis elegans --- Helminths --- Invertebrates --- Animals --- Eukaryota --- Organisms --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Animal Biochemistry --- Physiological aspects --- Metabolism. --- Aging. --- Physiological aspects. --- Protein metabolism --- Medicine. --- Human physiology. --- Biomedicine. --- Human Physiology. --- Biomedicine general. --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Human body --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Life sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Biological control systems --- Body fluids --- Biomedicine, general. --- Health Workforce