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The prevalence of obesity and its comorbidities, particularly type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and hepatic disease and certain cancers, continues to rise worldwide. Paradoxically, despite an increasingly obesogenic environment, particularly in Western societies, undernutrition is also extremely common. The application of novel, sophisticated techniques, particularly related to imaging and molecular biology, has substantially advanced our understanding of the mechanisms controlling appetite and energy intake. This has led to a redefinition of many concepts, including the relative importance of central versus peripheral mechanisms, recognising that the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, particularly gut hormones, plays a critical role. Given the major advance in knowledge in the field, this Special Issue provides a comprehensive overview of the GI mechanisms underlying the regulation of appetite and energy intake, as a series of definitive reviews by international authorities. The reviews address gut-related mechanisms, including nutrient sensing, gut hormones and GI motility, gut-brain communication, including the roles of the vagus and the modulation of reward perception, the roles of diet and the microbiota, as well as the abnormalities associated with eating disorders, specifically obesity and anorexia of ageing, and the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery. The reviews cover both preclinical research and studies in humans, and are complemented by a number of important original papers.

Medicine --- lixisenatide --- intragastric meal retention --- energy intake --- type 2 diabetes --- obesity --- amino acid --- isoleucine --- chronic supplementation --- energy expenditure --- oral glucose tolerance test --- glycaemic control --- gastric emptying breath test --- endocannabinoid --- cannabinoid CB1 receptor --- gut–brain --- intestine --- western diet --- preference --- whey protein --- gastric emptying --- appetite --- lifecourse --- gut hormones --- hunger --- protein --- TAS2R5 --- TAS2R39 --- TAS2R14 --- agonist --- food intake --- GLP1 --- CCK --- PYY --- miniature pig --- pig model --- functional brain imaging --- molecular imaging --- vagal afferents --- single fiber recording --- insulin resistance --- GLP-1r --- gastric barostat --- scintigraphy --- meal ingestion --- postprandial responses --- hedonic sensations --- homeostatic sensations --- abdominal wall activity --- abdominal distension --- taste --- fat --- carbohydrate --- bariatric surgery --- GLP-1 --- ghrelin --- Roux-en-Y gastric bypass --- gastric band --- sleeve gastrectomy --- circadian --- gastrointestinal tract --- enteroendocrine cells --- chemosensory --- GIP --- nutrients --- hormones --- food ingestion --- digestion --- satiety --- digestive well-being --- functional gastrointestinal disorders --- postprandial symptoms --- brainstem --- vagus --- feeding --- gastrointestinal --- cue reactivity --- meal anticipation --- motivation --- nutrient preference --- flavor --- aversion --- bile acids --- TGR-5 --- FXR --- gastrointestinal hormones --- body weight --- gastric accommodation --- satiation --- CB1 receptor --- gut-brain --- reward --- aging --- whey --- anorexia --- supplements --- sarcopenia --- nutrient sensing --- enteroendocrine cells (EECs) --- appetite regulation --- G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) --- bitter substances --- gastric motor function --- postprandial blood glucose --- preclinical studies --- human studies --- texture --- oro-sensory exposure --- sensory science --- cephalic responses --- brain areas --- brain stem --- weight management --- intestinal brake --- duodenal jejunal and ileal brake --- tastants --- circadian clock --- gastric bypass surgery --- microbiome --- hypothalamus --- n/a

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Minimally invasive surgery has become a common term in visceral as well as gynecologic surgery. It has almost evolved into its own surgical speciality over the past 20 years. Today, being firmly established in every subspeciality of visceral surgery, it is now no longer a distinct skillset, but a fixed part of the armamentarium of surgical options available. In every indication, the advantages of a minimally invasive approach include reduced intraoperative blood loss, less postoperative pain, and shorter rehabilitation times, as well as a marked reduction of overall and surgical postoperative morbidity. In the advent of modern oncologic treatment algorithms, these effects not only lower the immediate impact that an operation has on the patient, but also become important key steps in reducing the side-effects of surgery. Thus, they enable surgery to become a module in modern multi-disciplinary cancer treatment, which blends into multimodular treatment options at different times and prolongs and widens the possibilities available to cancer patients. In this quickly changing environment, the requirement to learn and refine not only open surgical but also different minimally invasive techniques on high levels deeply impact modern surgical training pathways. The use of modern elearning tools and new and praxis-based surgical training possibilities have been readily integrated into modern surgical education,which persists throughout the whole surgical career of modern gynecologic and visceral surgery specialists.

Medicine --- ovarian cancer --- laparoscopy --- minimally invasive surgery --- survival --- mortality --- platelet-rich plasma (PRP) --- thin endometrium --- hysteroscopy --- robotic surgery --- sexuality --- laparoscopic hysterectomy --- learning curve --- quality of life --- counseling --- patient-doctor-relationship --- body donors --- surgical education --- clinical anatomy --- live surgery events --- neuropelveology --- LION procedure --- genital nerves stimulation --- chronic pelvic pain --- esophagectomy --- esophageal cancer --- Ivor-Lewis procedure --- health-related quality of life --- cervical cancer --- robotic radical hysterectomy --- recurrence rate --- surgery --- artificial intelligence --- machine learning --- augmented reality --- hysterectomy --- NOTES --- minimally invasive --- systematic review --- meta-analysis --- pediatric surgery --- fetal surgery --- single-incision surgery --- surgical techniques --- surgical devices --- open surgery --- endoscopy --- endoscopic surgery --- cysts of the canal of Nuck --- Nuck hydrocele --- hydrocelectomy --- TAPP --- Lichtenstein --- colorectal liver metastases --- laparoscopic liver surgery --- minimal invasive surgery --- general anesthesia --- anesthetics --- perioperative care --- laparoscopic surgery --- endometrial cancer --- lymphadenectomy --- embryology --- sentinel lymph node mapping --- indocyanine green --- PMMR --- technical aspects --- rectal cancer --- mesorectal --- transanal --- laparoscopic --- local recurrence --- conversion rate --- minimally invasive surgical procedures --- radiotherapy --- ovarian neoplasms --- endometrial neoplasms --- uterine cervical neoplasms --- vaginal neoplasms --- vulvar neoplasms --- survival analysis --- n/a --- video feedback --- video modeling --- gynecology --- surgical training --- pelvitrainer --- prolapse --- pelvic floor --- native tissue --- pectopexy --- robotic assisted surgery --- pancreatic surgery --- pancreaticoduodenectomy --- pelvic floor repair --- laparoscopic repair --- vaginal repair --- mesh use --- VATS --- pain --- postoperative pain control --- thoracic surgery --- lung cancer --- intercostal catheter --- opioid --- regional anaesthesia --- hepatectomy --- single-port laparoscopy --- radiofrequency pre-coagulation --- endometriosis --- endometrioma surgery --- ovarian reserve --- anti-Müllerian hormone --- spontaneous pregnancy --- robotic liver resection --- da Vinci --- intraoperative imaging --- hepatocellular cancer --- real-life imaging --- hepatic metastasis --- COVID-19 --- sars-cov-2 --- surgical performance --- 3D printing --- skill assessment --- snorkel mask --- malabsorption --- Roux-en-Y gastric bypass --- one-anastomosis gastric bypass --- SADI-S --- biliopancreatic diversion --- weight regain --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- cholangiocarcinoma --- risk score --- pelvic compartments --- embryologic development --- oncologic surgery --- pelvic lymphonodectomy --- topographic anatomy --- autonomic pelvic nerves --- uterine cancer --- prostate cancer --- diaphragmatic hernia --- liver resection --- hernia repair --- mesh --- enterothorax --- anti-Müllerian hormone

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Minimally invasive surgery has become a common term in visceral as well as gynecologic surgery. It has almost evolved into its own surgical speciality over the past 20 years. Today, being firmly established in every subspeciality of visceral surgery, it is now no longer a distinct skillset, but a fixed part of the armamentarium of surgical options available. In every indication, the advantages of a minimally invasive approach include reduced intraoperative blood loss, less postoperative pain, and shorter rehabilitation times, as well as a marked reduction of overall and surgical postoperative morbidity. In the advent of modern oncologic treatment algorithms, these effects not only lower the immediate impact that an operation has on the patient, but also become important key steps in reducing the side-effects of surgery. Thus, they enable surgery to become a module in modern multi-disciplinary cancer treatment, which blends into multimodular treatment options at different times and prolongs and widens the possibilities available to cancer patients. In this quickly changing environment, the requirement to learn and refine not only open surgical but also different minimally invasive techniques on high levels deeply impact modern surgical training pathways. The use of modern elearning tools and new and praxis-based surgical training possibilities have been readily integrated into modern surgical education,which persists throughout the whole surgical career of modern gynecologic and visceral surgery specialists.

ovarian cancer --- laparoscopy --- minimally invasive surgery --- survival --- mortality --- platelet-rich plasma (PRP) --- thin endometrium --- hysteroscopy --- robotic surgery --- sexuality --- laparoscopic hysterectomy --- learning curve --- quality of life --- counseling --- patient-doctor-relationship --- body donors --- surgical education --- clinical anatomy --- live surgery events --- neuropelveology --- LION procedure --- genital nerves stimulation --- chronic pelvic pain --- esophagectomy --- esophageal cancer --- Ivor-Lewis procedure --- health-related quality of life --- cervical cancer --- robotic radical hysterectomy --- recurrence rate --- surgery --- artificial intelligence --- machine learning --- augmented reality --- hysterectomy --- NOTES --- minimally invasive --- systematic review --- meta-analysis --- pediatric surgery --- fetal surgery --- single-incision surgery --- surgical techniques --- surgical devices --- open surgery --- endoscopy --- endoscopic surgery --- cysts of the canal of Nuck --- Nuck hydrocele --- hydrocelectomy --- TAPP --- Lichtenstein --- colorectal liver metastases --- laparoscopic liver surgery --- minimal invasive surgery --- general anesthesia --- anesthetics --- perioperative care --- laparoscopic surgery --- endometrial cancer --- lymphadenectomy --- embryology --- sentinel lymph node mapping --- indocyanine green --- PMMR --- technical aspects --- rectal cancer --- mesorectal --- transanal --- laparoscopic --- local recurrence --- conversion rate --- minimally invasive surgical procedures --- radiotherapy --- ovarian neoplasms --- endometrial neoplasms --- uterine cervical neoplasms --- vaginal neoplasms --- vulvar neoplasms --- survival analysis --- n/a --- video feedback --- video modeling --- gynecology --- surgical training --- pelvitrainer --- prolapse --- pelvic floor --- native tissue --- pectopexy --- robotic assisted surgery --- pancreatic surgery --- pancreaticoduodenectomy --- pelvic floor repair --- laparoscopic repair --- vaginal repair --- mesh use --- VATS --- pain --- postoperative pain control --- thoracic surgery --- lung cancer --- intercostal catheter --- opioid --- regional anaesthesia --- hepatectomy --- single-port laparoscopy --- radiofrequency pre-coagulation --- endometriosis --- endometrioma surgery --- ovarian reserve --- anti-Müllerian hormone --- spontaneous pregnancy --- robotic liver resection --- da Vinci --- intraoperative imaging --- hepatocellular cancer --- real-life imaging --- hepatic metastasis --- COVID-19 --- sars-cov-2 --- surgical performance --- 3D printing --- skill assessment --- snorkel mask --- malabsorption --- Roux-en-Y gastric bypass --- one-anastomosis gastric bypass --- SADI-S --- biliopancreatic diversion --- weight regain --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- cholangiocarcinoma --- risk score --- pelvic compartments --- embryologic development --- oncologic surgery --- pelvic lymphonodectomy --- topographic anatomy --- autonomic pelvic nerves --- uterine cancer --- prostate cancer --- diaphragmatic hernia --- liver resection --- hernia repair --- mesh --- enterothorax --- anti-Müllerian hormone