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KIDNEY FAILURE, CHRONIC --- MICROBIAL SENSITIVITY TESTS --- STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS --- GENTAMICINS --- KIDNEY FAILURE, ACUTE

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Based on a fundamental understanding of the interaction between bacteria and nanomaterials, this book highlights the latest research on the antimicrobial properties of nanomaterials and provides an invaluable blueprint for improving the antimicrobial performance of devices and products. This book introduces the reader to the progress being made in the field, followed by an outline of applications in different areas. Various methods and techniques of synthesis and characterization are detailed. The content provides insight into the ongoing research, current trends, and technical challenges in this rapidly progressing field. Therefore, this book is highly suitable for materials scientists, engineers, biologists, and technologists.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- boron nitride --- chitosan --- polyhydroxyalkanoate --- nanocomposite --- biocompatible --- antibacterial --- titanate nanotubes --- TNT --- Ag --- Escherichia coli --- Staphylococcus epidermidis --- antimicrobial --- layer-by-layer --- coatings --- Nafion --- multilayers --- essential oil --- encapsulation --- bovine casein --- antifungal activity --- fruit preservation --- antibacterial activity --- photocatalyst --- titania --- nanomaterial --- doping --- Staphylococcus aureus --- reactive oxygen species --- silver nanoparticle --- visible light --- nanoscale additive manufacturing --- surface nanopatterns --- antibacterial effects --- controlled disorder --- interspace --- zinc oxide --- electrochemical synthesis --- BAC --- PDDA --- nanorod --- XPS --- TEM --- B. subtilis --- silver nanoparticles --- carboxymethyl-cellulose --- composite --- cytotoxicity --- nanoparticle --- drug delivery system --- diabetes mellitus --- wound healing --- diabetic foot ulcer --- pathophysiology --- hybrid nanostructures --- nanovesicles --- nanoparticles --- copper --- antibiofilm --- metal nanoparticles --- fiber material --- bioluminescent cells --- n/a

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Based on a fundamental understanding of the interaction between bacteria and nanomaterials, this book highlights the latest research on the antimicrobial properties of nanomaterials and provides an invaluable blueprint for improving the antimicrobial performance of devices and products. This book introduces the reader to the progress being made in the field, followed by an outline of applications in different areas. Various methods and techniques of synthesis and characterization are detailed. The content provides insight into the ongoing research, current trends, and technical challenges in this rapidly progressing field. Therefore, this book is highly suitable for materials scientists, engineers, biologists, and technologists.

boron nitride --- chitosan --- polyhydroxyalkanoate --- nanocomposite --- biocompatible --- antibacterial --- titanate nanotubes --- TNT --- Ag --- Escherichia coli --- Staphylococcus epidermidis --- antimicrobial --- layer-by-layer --- coatings --- Nafion --- multilayers --- essential oil --- encapsulation --- bovine casein --- antifungal activity --- fruit preservation --- antibacterial activity --- photocatalyst --- titania --- nanomaterial --- doping --- Staphylococcus aureus --- reactive oxygen species --- silver nanoparticle --- visible light --- nanoscale additive manufacturing --- surface nanopatterns --- antibacterial effects --- controlled disorder --- interspace --- zinc oxide --- electrochemical synthesis --- BAC --- PDDA --- nanorod --- XPS --- TEM --- B. subtilis --- silver nanoparticles --- carboxymethyl-cellulose --- composite --- cytotoxicity --- nanoparticle --- drug delivery system --- diabetes mellitus --- wound healing --- diabetic foot ulcer --- pathophysiology --- hybrid nanostructures --- nanovesicles --- nanoparticles --- copper --- antibiofilm --- metal nanoparticles --- fiber material --- bioluminescent cells --- n/a

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Although 30% of the healthy human population is colonized with various Staphylococcus species, some staphylococcal strains, referred to as opportunistic pathogens, can cause minor to life-threatening diseases. The pathogenicity of these bacteria depends on their virulence factors and the robustness of the regulatory networks expressing these virulence factors. Virulence factors of pathogenic Staphylococcus spp. consist of numerous toxins, enterotoxins (some of which act as superantigens), enzymes, and proteins (cytoplasmic, extracellular, and surface) that are regulated by two-component (TC) and quorum-sensing (QS) regulatory networks. To enter this niche, some other Staphylococcus species, such as Staphylococcus simulans, produce a potent endopeptidase called lysostaphin, which can inhibit the growth of pathogenic S. aureus. Some other Staphylococcus species produce autolysins and cationic peptides to win the intra- and inter-species competition. The outcome of this microbial invasion depends not only on pathogenic factors but also on the host’s internal and external defense mechanisms, including a healthy skin microbiome. A healthy skin microbiome population can prevent colonization by other major pathogens. As normal host microflora, these commensals establish a complex relationship with the host as well as the surrounding microbial communities. This Special Issue of Microorganisms is focused on studies and recent advancements in our understanding of staphylococcal virulence mechanisms that enable Staphylococcus spp. either to successfully establish themselves as a colonizer or to overcome the host’s defense system to cause infection along with our effort to make an anti-staphylococcal vaccine.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- biofilm --- MRSA --- silver ion --- silver sulfadiazine --- wound infections --- Staphylococcus aureus --- methicillin resistance --- human infection --- CC130 --- biomaterials --- medical devices --- HL-60 cells --- PMNs --- endotracheal tube --- titanium --- implantable devices --- nosocomial diseases --- Staphylococcus lugdunensis --- sortase A --- surface proteins --- LPXTG --- small colony variants --- influenza virus --- super-infection --- pro-inflammatory response --- rural Ghana --- molecular epidemiology --- chronic wounds --- invasive disease --- surgery-associated infection --- sepsis --- SA4Ag vaccine --- conjugated polysaccharide --- ClfA --- MntC --- protection --- animal models --- phase variation --- Staphylococcus epidermidis --- microbiota --- multidrug resistance --- genome sequencing --- phylogenetic analyses --- arthroplasty surgery --- methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) --- community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) --- CA-MRSA strain USA300 --- murine skin infection model --- dermatopathology --- dermonecrosis --- neutrophil --- host antibacterial response --- cytokine --- chemokine --- physiology --- metabolism --- carbon catabolite repression --- CcpA --- HPr --- colonization --- mouse --- JSNZ --- aurintricarboxylic acid --- ATA --- adhesion inhibitor --- mupirocin --- nose --- superantigen --- mastitis --- food intoxication --- regulation --- sec variants --- CM lipids --- daptomycin resistance --- resensitization --- n/a

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In 2019, we sent out a call for submissions to a Special Issue of Marine Drugs entitled “Marine Chitin 2019”, and we are pleased that this issue has now been published. Over 16 high-impact papers were included in this issue, which we now plan to publish as a book. In addition, we now seek to publish a further Special Issue of Marine Drugs, “Marine Chitin 2020–2021”. As before, we plan to produce an authoritative and exciting issue that will encompass breakthroughs in scientific and industrial chitin and chitosan research. Significant advances in chitin and chitosan research have been made since the 1970s, and current overviews in recent publications involving chitin and chitosan research advances are in need of an update.

chitosan hydrogel --- chitosan --- biotechnology --- RAW264.7 macrophage --- ?-glucosidase inhibitor --- bromotyrosines --- layer-by-layer film --- amphiphilic polymer --- conjugation --- marine resources --- antioxidant activity --- chitooligosaccharides --- methylene blue --- nanoparticles --- bulk density --- Eudragit® S100 --- lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase --- chitosan oleate salt --- curcumin --- RAW 264.7 cells --- antioxidant --- crude oil --- ball milling --- anti-inflammatory action --- enzymatic modification --- dissolution --- vaginal infections --- Hausner ratio --- crushing strength --- Staphylococcus epidermidis --- mucoadhesive film --- Caco-2 cell culture --- chitosan lactate --- 2D correlation spectroscopy --- chitosan citrate --- direct compression --- chitosan oligomers --- chitin deacetylase --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- collagen --- blood --- express method --- sodium carbonate --- HIV sexual transmission --- streptomycin --- antibacterial activity --- pork sausage --- nanocomposites --- chitosanase --- Clostridium perfringens --- chitinase --- mucoadhesion --- chitosan oligosaccharides --- chitosan tartrate --- Staphylococcus aureus --- immunostimulatory activity --- derivatization --- pH responsive release --- soluble chitosan complex --- chitin --- polymer film --- compression work --- wound treatment --- biofilms --- roller compaction --- mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) --- Paenibacillus --- chitooligosaccharide --- mechanical property --- protease --- Polybius henslowii --- scaffolds --- electrospinning --- chitosan-coated liposomes --- phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/Akt --- cytotoxicity --- polymorph --- vaginal preexposure prophylaxis --- Aplysina archeri --- antifungal activity --- PLGA --- Kawakita analysis --- marine sponges --- Tenofovir controlled release --- nile red