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Though the public may retain a hoary image of the lone scientific or philosophical genius generating insights in isolation, scholars discarded it long ago. In reality, the families of scientists and philosophers in the Enlightenment played a substantial role, not only making space for inquiry within the home but also assisting in observing, translating, calculating, and illustrating. Sentimental Savants is the first book to explore the place of the family among the savants of the French Enlightenment, a group that openly embraced their families and domestic lives, even going so far as to test out their ideas-from education to inoculation-on their own children. Meghan K. Roberts delves into the lives and work of such major figures as Denis Diderot, Émilie Du Châtelet, the Marquis de Condorcet, Antoine Lavoisier, and Jérôme Lalande to paint a striking portrait of how sentiment and reason interacted in the eighteenth century to produce not only new kinds of knowledge but new kinds of families as well.

Families --- Philosophers --- Enlightenment --- Philosophy. --- Family relationships --- Enlightenment. --- families. --- philosophy. --- science. --- self-fashioning. --- sentimentalism.

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Self-styled adventurer, literary wit, philosopher, and statesman of science, Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (1698-1759) stood at the center of Enlightenment science and culture. Offering an elegant and accessible portrait of this remarkable man, Mary Terrall uses the story of Maupertuis's life, self-fashioning, and scientific works to explore what it meant to do science and to be a man of science in eighteenth-century Europe. Beginning his scientific career as a mathematician in Paris, Maupertuis entered the public eye with a much-discussed expedition to Lapland, which confirmed Newton's calculation that the earth was flattened at the poles. He also made significant, and often intentionally controversial, contributions to physics, life science, navigation, astronomy, and metaphysics. Called to Berlin by Frederick the Great, Maupertuis moved to Prussia to preside over the Academy of Sciences there. Equally at home in salons, cafés, scientific academies, and royal courts, Maupertuis used his social connections and his printed works to enhance a carefully constructed reputation as both a man of letters and a man of science. His social and institutional affiliations, in turn, affected how Maupertuis formulated his ideas, how he presented them to his contemporaries, and the reactions they provoked. Terrall not only illuminates the life and work of a colorful and important Enlightenment figure, but also uses his story to delve into many wider issues, including the development of scientific institutions, the impact of print culture on science, and the interactions of science and government. Smart and highly readable, Maupertuis will appeal to anyone interested in eighteenth-century science and culture. "Terrall's work is scholarship in the best sense. Her explanations of arcane 18th-century French physics, mathematics, astronomy, and biology are among the most lucid available in any language."-Virginia Dawson, American Historical Review Winner of the 2003 Pfizer Award from the History of Science Society

Scientists --- Maupertuis, --- maupertuis, science, enlightenment, self fashioning, expedition, exploration, lapland, newton, poles, metaphysics, astronomy, navigation, physics, academy of sciences, prussia, frederick the great, berlin, print culture, government, scientific institutions, mathematics, biology, paris, least action, teleology, cosmology, materialism, heredity, nonfiction.

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Die Studie »Leonardos Bart« liefert erstmals aus kunsthistorisch-interdisziplinärer Perspektive umfassend und systematisch Einblick in die Sozialfigur des Künstlerphilosophen, die sie in den Selbstformungen frühneuzeitlicher Künstler findet. Dabei sind es antike Größen wie Sokrates und Aristoteles, die von Künstlern wie Leonardo da Vinci und Michelangelo Buonarroti als Vorbilder einer Annähnerung gewählt werden. Der Band dient gleichermaßen als Nachschlagewerk für (Selbst-)Darstellungen Leonardos und Michelangelos in Bild und Text. Für diese Übersicht bewegt sich die Analyse zwischen Kunstgeschichte, Philosophie, Literaturwissenschaft und Klassischer Archäologie.

15./ --- Alberti --- Dürer --- fashioning --- Inszenierungsstrategien --- Männlichkeitsforschung --- Leonardo da Vinci --- Michelangelo Buonarroti --- Sokrates --- Aristoteles --- Frühe Neuzeit --- Renaissance --- Männlichkeiten --- Geschlecht --- self-fashioning --- Italien --- Modern Times --- masculinities --- gender --- Italy --- Leonardo, --- Michelangelo Buonarroti, --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Philosophy. --- Art and philosophy.

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The Caribbean "market woman" is ingrained in the popular imagination as the archetype of black womanhood in countries throughout the region. Challenging this stereotype and other outdated images of black women, Downtown Ladies offers a more complex picture by documenting the history of independent international traders-known as informal commercial importers, or ICIs-who travel abroad to import and export a vast array of consumer goods sold in the public markets of Kingston, Jamaica. Both by-products of and participants in globalization, ICIs operate on multiple levels and, since their emergence in the 1970's, have made significant contributions to the regional, national, and global economies. Gina Ulysse carefully explores how ICIs, determined to be self-employed, struggle with government regulation and other social tensions to negotiate their autonomy. Informing this story of self-fashioning with reflections on her own experience as a young Haitian anthropologist, Ulysse combines the study of political economy with the study of individual and collective identity to reveal the uneven consequences of disrupting traditional class, color, and gender codes in individual societies and around the world.

Street vendors --- Women merchants --- Informal sector (Economics) --- Imports --- market woman, caribbean, jamaica, self-making, black women, archetype, independent international traders, informal commercial importers, ici, kingston, public markets, globalization, economics, self employment, independence, gender, race, stereotypes, government regulation, autonomy, self-fashioning, haiti, anthropology, political economy, identity, tradition, street vendors, merchants, imports, saturation, blackness, nonfiction.

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A wave of plague swept the cities of northern Italy in 1630–31, ravaging Christian and Jewish communities alike. In Writing Plague Susan L. Einbinder explores the Hebrew texts that lay witness to the event. These Jewish sources on the Great Italian Plague have never been treated together as a group, Einbinder observes, but they can contribute to a bigger picture of this major outbreak and how it affected people, institutions, and beliefs; how individuals and institutions responded; and how they did or did not try to remember and memorialize it. High self-consciousness characterizes many of the authorial voices, and the sophisticated and deliberate ways these authors represented themselves reveal a complex process of self-fashioning that equally contours the representation and meaning of plague. Conversely, it is under the strain of plague that conventions of self-fashioning come to the fore.In the end, what proves most striking is how quickly these accounts retreated into obscurity. Why was this plague, which was among the most documented of all outbreaks since the Black Death of the fourteenth century, ultimately consigned to silence in Jewish memory? Did the memory take shape outside the written or material remains that we typically consult, in ephemeral forms that were lost over time? How much were the official genres of commemoration responsible for the erosion of historical particularity? How much did these conventionalized forms of mourning help individuals find language for private experience? And how, conversely, was private experience reconfigured to signify public grief?Throughout Writing Plague, Einbinder unearths and analyzes a cluster of little-known texts, reading them as much for the things about which they remain silent as for the things they seem openly to express. It is a compelling hybrid work of literary criticism and historical reflection about premodern constructions of self and community.

Hebrew literature --- Jewish literature --- Jews --- Plague in literature. --- Plague --- History and criticism. --- History --- Abraham Catalano. --- Abraham Massarani. --- Hebrew. --- Italian. --- Italy. --- Jewish. --- Mantua. --- Rabbi Solomon of Marini. --- black death. --- collective memory. --- community. --- early modern. --- epitaph. --- eulogy. --- forgetting forgetfulness. --- ghetto. --- grief. --- history. --- lament. --- literature. --- liturgy. --- natural disaster. --- padua. --- pandemic. --- plague narratives. --- plague. --- poetry. --- private public. --- representation. --- self-fashioning. --- seventeenth century.