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Book
The Material Bases of Meaning
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Year: 2021 Publisher: Tartu University of Tartu Press

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Contemporary semiotics has often gone too far in proposing language as the model to explain every phenomenon of communication. Giorgio Prodi’s seminal book, originally published in Italian in 1977, poses the question from the opposite perspective: his ‘natural history of meaning’ does not depict a biological universe that behaves as if it spoke, but a cultural universe structured even at its highest levels according to the same modes and processes of mutual adaptation and ‘reading’ that happen at the level of cells. The picture he paints shows us knowledge at its origin, as a process of environmental adaptation and interpretation, in which the discoveries of biology interact with those of semiotics. Within this natural history of language competence, the book emphasises the remote, primitive phase, which takes place below the threshold of the subjective and the social. Proceeding from there it outlines a holistic hypothesis of semiosis at the cultural level: the elementary phases of the recognition of meaning, which become progressively more complex as the phylogenesis progresses, lead all the way to the construction of linguistic systems in the human animal. This is an investigation of the elementary biological processes in order to identify the material logic that is the foundation of the higher processes of meaning-making – prehistory of the sign, biology of semiosis: from the side of nature and from the side of culture. | Giorgio Prodi (1928–1987) was an Italian oncologist and a pioneer of biosemiotics.


Book
The Material Bases of Meaning
Author:
Year: 2021 Publisher: Tartu University of Tartu Press

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Abstract

Contemporary semiotics has often gone too far in proposing language as the model to explain every phenomenon of communication. Giorgio Prodi’s seminal book, originally published in Italian in 1977, poses the question from the opposite perspective: his ‘natural history of meaning’ does not depict a biological universe that behaves as if it spoke, but a cultural universe structured even at its highest levels according to the same modes and processes of mutual adaptation and ‘reading’ that happen at the level of cells. The picture he paints shows us knowledge at its origin, as a process of environmental adaptation and interpretation, in which the discoveries of biology interact with those of semiotics. Within this natural history of language competence, the book emphasises the remote, primitive phase, which takes place below the threshold of the subjective and the social. Proceeding from there it outlines a holistic hypothesis of semiosis at the cultural level: the elementary phases of the recognition of meaning, which become progressively more complex as the phylogenesis progresses, lead all the way to the construction of linguistic systems in the human animal. This is an investigation of the elementary biological processes in order to identify the material logic that is the foundation of the higher processes of meaning-making – prehistory of the sign, biology of semiosis: from the side of nature and from the side of culture. | Giorgio Prodi (1928–1987) was an Italian oncologist and a pioneer of biosemiotics.


Book
Pataphilology: An Irreader
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 1947447823 1947447815 9781947447820 Year: 2018 Publisher: Brooklyn, NY punctum books

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What do the bizzare etymologies of Jean-Pierre Brisset, made-up languages for literary fiction, The Dialectic of Enlightenment, Latin grammarians, Horace’s Epodes, and the Papyrus of Ani have in common? Absolutely nothing. Yet, taken together they provide an unusually coherent picture of a hitherto unacknowledged non-tradition of linguistic investigation. At these moments, particularly within the traditions of European writing which can loosely be termed “avant-garde,” philology goes rogue, hearkening to unearthly imperatives and barely comprehended intimations, and producing results well beyond those generated by more respectable – and supposedly more grounded – philological endeavors. ‘Pataphilology: An Irreader seeks to document and analyze such moments of philological speculation, invention, and détournement. In using the term ‘pataphilology, Gurd and van Gerven Oei are not proposing a facile analogy with ‘pataphysics, where ‘pataphilology would be philology’s wacky twin, always out for a lark, never doing anything real. This would presuppose an operation (even if parenthetical) on philology analogous to a shift from physics to ’pataphysics, something which Alfred Jarry, to whom this volume owes the latter neologism, appears to contradict in his initial definition: “Pataphysics […] is the science of that which is superinduced upon metaphysics, whether within or beyond the latter’s limitations, extending as far beyond metaphysics as the latter extends beyond physics.” Any way you cut it, ‘pataphysics is a physics that demands — or, better, that relies on — an utmost philological sensitivity to writing, unheard etymologies, unstable translations, incomplete formalizations, and haphazard decryptions. This volume seeks, then, to document how philological practices — no matter how non-standard, disreputable, or academically useless — have played a role in the production of avant-garde literature and knowledge, as well as forgotten, alternative, or fictitious scholarly projects. Ranging from the papyrus of Ani to the future languages of speculative fiction, from the fictional tablets of Armand Schwerner to the Attic Nights of Aulus Gellius, from Horace to Lacan, ’Pataphilology: An Irreader is a cabinet of philological curiosity — and a map of the ever-changing constellations that emerge when human language loses its chains.


Book
Visuelle Linguistik : Zur Genese, Funktion und Kategorisierung von Diagrammen in der Sprachwissenschaft
Authors: ---
ISBN: 3110698730 3110698692 Year: 2020 Publisher: Berlin/Boston De Gruyter

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Grafiken, Diagramme, Schemata nehmen in der Linguistik wichtige Funktionen ein: Sie visualisieren Analyseergebnisse, verdeutlichen komplexe theoretische Konzepte oder ermöglichen überhaupt erst die Analyse von Daten. Es handelt sich dabei um Achsendiagramme, Netze, Listen, Karten und viele weitere Formen. Doch wie beeinflussen sie die Entstehung von wissenschaftlichen Tatsachen? In welche Handlungen sind sie eingebunden und welche Effekte haben sie auf sprachliche Daten? Wie ermöglichen Sie Transformationen von Daten, um neue Erkenntnisse zu gewinnen? Das Buch untersucht diagrammatische Praktiken in der Sprachwissenschaft sowohl aus historischer als auch technischer Sicht und zeigt die Einbettung dieser Praktiken in Diagrammkulturen und „Coding Cultures“. Die Vielfalt der Diagramme wird auf fünf diagrammatische Grundfiguren zurückgeführt, deren spezifischen Funktionen und Effekte analysiert werden. Semiotisch und wissenschaftstheoretisch unterfüttert wird sodann eine Methodologie der Visuellen Linguistik entwickelt.


Book
Soundscape semiotics : localization and categorization
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ISBN: 9535112260 9535163604 Year: 2014 Publisher: IntechOpen

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Book Soundscape Semiotics - Localization and Categorization is a research publication that covers original research on developments within the Soundscape Semiotics field of study. The book is a collection of reviewed scholarly contributions written by different authors. Each scholarly contribution represents a chapter and each chapter is complete in itself but related to the major topics and objectives. The chapters included in the book are divided in two section. First section - Advanced Signal Processing Methodologies for Soundscape Analysis contains 5 chapters, and second section - Human Hearing Estimations and Cognitive Soundscape Analysis 3 chapters. The target audience comprises scholars and specialists in the field.


Book
The dynamics of cultural borders
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ISBN: 9949770823 9949770831 Year: 2016 Publisher: Tartu University of Tartu Press

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This volume encompasses a broad span of issues related to borders as areas of intense activity substantially contributing to the dynamics of culture. The chapters address questions relating to the construction and reconstruction of borders, as well as the experience and representation of physical, spiritual, imagined and symbolic borders. The authors provide perspectives on emerging and dissolving borders in the past and present. Special emphasis is placed on subjective perception by asking how borders are experienced and expressed at the level of the specific community or individual. Several articles tackle dramatic and controversial issues like war, conflict between different ideologies and cultures, and remembering. The authors also explore dialectical relations between culture, social relations and landscape, and the interplay of ideological constructions and material culture. The contributions are arranged into two sections focusing on two wider issues: how borders are drawn in landscape, religion and scientific discourse (Wandering borders), and how representations of cultural borders and border crossings have changed over time (Bordering ruptures: the dynamics of self-description). The authors of this volume come from various scholarly fields and offer innovative tools for expanding the concept of the border across disciplinary frames.


Book
Registers of communication.
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9522227986 9522227994 9518580170 Year: 2015 Publisher: Helsinki, Finland : Finnish Literature Society,

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In any society, communicative activities are organized into models of conduct that differentiate specific social practices from each other and enable people to communicate with each other in ways distinctive to those practices. The articles in this volume investigate a series of locale-specific models of communicative conduct, or registers of communication, through which persons organize their participation in varied social practices, including practices of politics, religion, schooling, migration, trade, media, verbal art, and ceremonial ritual. Drawing on research traditions on both sides of the Atlantic, the authors of these articles bring together insights from a variety of scholarly disciplines, including linguistics, anthropology, folklore, literary studies, and philology. They describe register models associated with a great many forms of interpersonal behavior, and, through their own multi-year and multi-disciplinary collaborative efforts, bring register phenomena into focus as features of social life in the lived experience of people in societies around the world.

Ukraïnsʹka zvytjaha u symvolach
Authors: ---
Year: 2016 Publisher: Kyiv [Ukraine] : Nacionalʹna akademija kerivnych kadriv kulʹtury i mystectv

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Військові традиції – це правила, звичаї і норми, які історично складаються у війську певної країни та передаються з покоління в покоління, здебільшого підкреслюючи зв’язок сучасних вояків з учасниками подій бойового минулого. Військова символіка України по праву стала предметом наукового дослідження, бо вже має власну досить багату історію та традиції. Загальноприйняте розуміння складових військової символіки до якої відносять: військову емблематику – емблеми військових формувань, їх керівних органів, як то Міністерства оборони України, Генерального штабу Збройних Сил України, Державної прикордонної служби України, Служби безпеки України, Внутрішніх військ Міністерства внутрішніх справ України, емблеми родів військ і служб, власні емблеми військових частин, кораблів та установ, комплекс емблем військової та спеціальної форми одягу; військову вексилологію – комплекс прапорів, зна- мен, штандартів, що їх використовують військові формування, зокрема, прапори Збройних Сил України, Міністерства оборони, Генерального штабу, видів Збройних Сил України, Служби безпеки України, Внутрішніх військ і, безперечно, Бойовий прапор військової частини, штандарти посадових осіб; військову фалеристику – комплекс державних військових нагород, відомчих заохочувальних відзнак, знаків класної кваліфікації спеціалістів, інші нагрудні знаки. До військової символіки також належать уніформологія, військова сфрагістика і військова геральдика. У широкому розумінні символіка є умовним відображенням подій, явищ, понять, ідей через конкретні властиві їм вияви – символи. Символіка вивчає історію походження, функціонування й використання різновидів символів, які є концентрованою фор- мою відбиття і фіксації наукових, релігійних та інших знань людини за допомогою стилізованого зображення. В історичній науці утвердилася думка, що символіка у тому чи іншому вигляді постає, власне, із появою стабільних суспільних груп. Однією із найяскравіших сторінок вітчизняної історії є скіфський період. У стародавньому світі скіфське військо здобуло славу непереможного.


Book
Body, personhood and privacy : perspectives on the cultural other and human experience
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 9949774608 9949774594 9789949774609 Year: 2017 Publisher: Tartu University of Tartu Press

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This book studies how the concepts of body, personhood and privacy can be expanded across disciplinary borders. Notwithstanding the diversity of empirical material and theoretical frameworks, the chapters suggest innovative tools for common key issues: dialogue with the cultural Other, the appropriation of space, and personality. Human embodiment and ethical aspects of representing and regulating cultural practices are a major focus through much of the volume. The book is illustrated with some of the finest examples of Tartu street art.


Book
Animal Umwelten in a changing world : zoosemiotic perspectives
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ISBN: 9789949772810 Year: 2016 Publisher: Tartu University of Tartu Press

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The book raises semiotic questions of human–animal relations: what is the semiotic character of different species, how humans endow animals with meaning, and how animal sign exchange and communication has coped with environmental change. The book takes a zoosemiotic approach and considers different species as being integrated with the environment via their specific umwelt or subjective perceptual world. The authors elaborate J. v. Uexküll’s concept of umwelt to make it applicable for analyzing complex and dynamical interactions between animals, humans, environment and culture. The opening chapters of the book present a framework for philosophical, historical, epistemological and methodological aspects of zoosemiotic research. These initial considerations are followed by specific case studies: on human–animal interactions in zoological gardens, communication in the teams of visually disabled persons and guiding dogs, semiotics of the animal condition in philosophy, historical changes in the role of animals in human households, the semiotics of predation, cultural perception of novel species, and other topics. The authors belong to the research group in zoosemiotics and human–animal relations based in the Department of Semiotics at the University of Tartu in Estonia, and in the University of Stavanger in Norway.

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