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This volume focuses on Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC), a powerful tool allowing luminescence lifetime measurements to be made with high temporal resolution, even on single molecules. Combining spectrum and lifetime provides a “fingerprint” for identifying such molecules in the presence of a background. Used together with confocal detection, this permits single-molecule spectroscopy and microscopy in addition to ensemble measurements, opening up an enormous range of hot life science applications such as fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) and measurement of Förster Resonant Energy Transfer (FRET) for the investigation of protein folding and interaction. Several technology-related chapters present both the basics and current state-of-the-art, in particular of TCSPC electronics, photon detectors and lasers. The remaining chapters cover a broad range of applications and methodologies for experiments and data analysis, including the life sciences, defect centers in diamonds, super-resolution microscopy, and optical tomography. The chapters detailing new options arising from the combination of classic TCSPC and fluorescence lifetime with methods based on intensity fluctuation represent a particularly unique highlight.

Chemistry. --- Spectroscopy/Spectrometry. --- Laser Technology, Photonics. --- Single Molecule Studies, Molecular Motors. --- Spectroscopy. --- Chimie --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Analytical Chemistry --- Photons. --- Photon detectors. --- Counters, Photon --- Detectors, Photon --- Photon counters --- Light quantum --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Biological and Medical Physics, Biophysics. --- Nuclear counters --- Light --- Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiment --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Optics --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Spectroscope --- Qualitative --- Spectrometry --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- Biophysics. --- Biological physics. --- Biological physics --- Biology --- Medical sciences --- Physics --- New optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Analytical chemistry

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This brief discusses the mechanism of functional expression of a protein or protein complex utilizing the ATP hydrolysis cycle or proton-motive force from a unique point of view focused on the roles of water. A variety of processes are considered such as the unidirectional movement of a linear-motor protein along a filament, insertion of an unfolded protein into a chaperonin and release of the folded protein from it, transport of diverse substrates across the membrane by a transporter, and directed rotation of the central subunit within a rotatory motor protein complex. These topics are discussed in a unified manner within the same theoretical framework. The author argues that water plays imperative roles in the functional expression of these molecular machines. A pivotal factor is the entropic force or potential originating from the translational displacement of water molecules coexisting with the molecular machines in the entire system.

Chemistry. --- Physical chemistry. --- Proteins. --- Biophysics. --- Statistical physics. --- Dynamical systems. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Single Molecule Studies, Molecular Motors. --- Protein-Ligand Interactions. --- Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity. --- Molecular machinery. --- Molecular dynamics. --- Dynamics, Molecular --- Dynamics --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- RNA-ligand interactions. --- Biological and Medical Physics, Biophysics. --- Complex Systems. --- Statistical Physics and Dynamical Systems. --- Physics --- Mathematical statistics --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Statistical methods --- Biological physics. --- Proteins . --- Dynamical systems --- Kinetics --- Mathematics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Force and energy --- Mechanics --- Statics --- Proteids --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics --- Biological physics --- Biology --- Medical sciences --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry