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Sleepiness is medical personnel has been the subject of many studies, discussions and controversies. Even if very few firm conclusions can be derived from these studies, public authorities have taken measures to limit working hours especially as far as physicians in training are concerned. These measures are certainly full of good sense but are not based on robust scientific evidences.
Against this background, it appeared necessary to objectively assess the consequences of a night on-call on the working capacities of medical personnel.
We evaluated, in a first experiment, the cognitive and behavioural performances of twenty-four medical students in training after a night on call in the emergency room. Several tests were performed after a night on call as well as after a normal sleep night : The Brown Peterson, the classic Buschke, the semantic shifting fluencies, PVT (reaction time test) and the OSLER test (a behaviour measure of sleepiness). Objective neurophysiologic consequences of sleepiness were evaluated in a second experiment. Twenty medical students were equipped with an EEG recorder during one on-call and the following morning of work in the emergency room but also during a normal sleep night followed by a morning of work in the emergency room.
We were not able to show a decrease of cognitive performances, except for one measurement of the Buschke classic. EEG signs of sleepiness were not more frequent after a night on-call. On the other hand, the OSLER performances were significantly decreased after the night on-call.
Sleepiness is clearly increased after a night on-call but its frank expression seems limited to periods of boring and monotonous tasks in sleep prone conditions. When confronted with demanding tasks or with real-life working conditions, working performances appear as not being influenced by the previous night sleep deprivation

Sleep Disorders --- Sleep Deprivation

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Sleep Deprivation, Stimulant Medications, and Cognition provides a review, synthesis and analysis of the scientific literature concerning stimulant medications and neurobehavioral performance, with an emphasis on critically evaluating the practical utility of these agents for maintaining cognitive performance and alertness in sleep-deprived (but otherwise healthy) individuals. The book explores the nature of sleep loss-induced cognitive deficits, neurophysiologic basis of these deficits, relative efficacy and limitations of various interventions (including non-pharmacological), and implications for applying these interventions in operational environments (commercial and military). Readers of this volume will gain a working knowledge of: • Mechanisms contributing to sleep loss-induced cognitive deficits • Differential effects of stimulant compounds on various aspects of cognition • Considerations (such as abuse liability) when applying stimulant interventions in operational settings • Current state and future directions for including stimulants in comprehensive fatigue-management strategies. This text is key reading for researchers and trainees in sleep and psychopharmacology.

Sleep deprivation. --- Sleep deprivation --- Stimulants. --- Cognition. --- Psychological aspects.

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Sommeil --- Attention. --- Sleep deprivation --- Privation.

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Electroencephalography --- Sleep --- Sleep Deprivation --- physiology

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Sleep --- Sleep deprivation --- Naps (Sleep) --- Stages