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Réévaluer et penser Spencer dans sa diversité et dans son actualité, telle est la tâche que se sont fixée les auteurs, qui ont pour cela, fait appel aux meilleurs connaisseurs de son oeuvre. Herbert Spencer, longtemps négligé en France, n'a pourtant jamais cessé d'être lu et commenté dans les pays anglo-saxons. Précurseur de Darwin (il est le premier à utiliser le mot évolution dans son sens moderne), il développe une théorie de l'origine de la vie dont les conséquences touchent à la physiologie, à la psychologie, à l'éducation, à l'économie - toutes disciplines que son oeuvre secoue en profondeur. Le lecteur trouvera par ailleurs dans ce volume deux textes importants de Spencer, devenus introuvables en France.

Spencer, Herbert, --- Spencer, Herbert, - 1820-1903

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Spencer, Herbert (1820-1903) --- Éducation --- Critique et interprétation --- Philosophie --- Spencer, Herbert (1820-1903) --- Éducation --- Critique et interprétation --- Philosophie

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Herbert Spencer est l’une des figures les plus énigmatiques de l’histoire intellectuelle contemporaine. Très populaire durant la seconde moitié du xixe siècle, ses théories sont discréditées à la fin de sa vie. On ne peut néanmoins ignorer le rôle majeur qu’elles ont joué dans l’élaboration des doctrines sociales et politiques de ses nombreux lecteurs. En France et en Italie, l’influence de la pensée de Spencer a été particulièrement forte. Dans ces deux pays, le modèle évolutionniste spencérien connaît une diffusion importante, mais subit une transformation inattendue. Il sert d’appui à des positions opposées à l’individualisme libéral de son auteur : le solidarisme français et le socialisme marxiste italien. Notre étude comparée retrace ce processus d’appropriation des idées et cherche à en expliquer les raisons profondes. À travers l’analyse des écrits de penseurs comme Émile Durkheim et Enrico Ferri, nous mettons en lumière l’importance du contexte intellectuel propre aux milieux français et italiens de même que le poids des convictions personnelles des différents acteurs. Notre ouvrage permet en définitive de saisir l’influence du système évolutionniste de Spencer sur la pensée sociale et politique de la France et de l’Italie à la fin du xixe siècle.

Evolution (Biology). --- Evolution (Biologie) --- Spencer, Herbert, --- Influence. --- Appreciation --- France --- Italy --- Italie --- Intellectual life --- Vie intellectuelle --- Organism (Philosophy) --- Evolution --- Right and left (Political science) --- Political aspects --- History --- Influence --- Evolution - Political aspects --- Right and left (Political science) - France - History - 19th century --- Right and left (Political science) - Italy - History - 19th century --- Spencer, Herbert, - 1820-1903 --- Spencer, Herbert, - 1820-1903 - Influence --- France - Intellectual life - 19th century --- Italy - Intellectual life - 19th century --- Political Science --- évolutionnisme --- solidarisme --- doctrine --- seconde moitié du XIXe siècle --- histoire des idées --- politique

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This analysis of the writings of two major Victorian intellectuals examines the crucial place of gender in the larger Victorian debate about nature, religion, and evolutionary theory. Demonstrating the primacy of Herbert Spencer's influence on George Eliot's thought, Nancy Paxton discloses the continuous dialogue between this profoundly learned novelist and one of the most formidable and influential scientific authorities of her time. Using rarely cited first editions of Spencer's published works, Paxton reveals that Eliot and Spencer initially agreed in supporting several of the goals of early Victorian feminism when they met in 1851. Paxton surveys all of Spencer's writing to show when and why he repudiated his early feminism and demonstrates Eliot's determined resistance to the most conservative tendencies of evolutionary theory in her representation of female sexuality, motherhood, feminist ambition, and desire. In comparing Eliot's and Spencer's evolutionary "reconstruction of gender," the book draws on a wide variety of biographical, literary, and critical texts and on interdisciplinary scholarship about the relation between scientific and literary discourse in the nineteenth century. By thus reassessing Eliot's contribution to feminist thought, it presents a revolutionary reading of her novels which is informed by contemporary feminist criticism and the new historicism. "This is an important book because of the questions it raises, the issues it covers, and the illumination it brings to Eliot and Spencer and to crucial problems in the nineteenth century: Paxton looks at the ways scientific data get turned into arguments about the nature of women in society, about women and education, about women and sexuality. This work shows how truly current Eliot's novels are, no matter what their setting."--Barry Qualls, Rutgers UniversityOriginally published in 1991.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Evolution (Biology) in literature --- Feminism and literature --- Gender identity in literature --- Literature and science --- Sex role in literature --- Women in literature --- Woman (Christian theology) in literature --- Women in drama --- Women in poetry --- History --- Eliot, George, --- Spencer, Herbert --- Cross, Marian Evans, --- Evans, Marian, --- Eliot, Džordž, --- Ėliot, Dzhordzh, --- Cross, Mary Ann, --- Lewes, M. E. --- Lewes, Marian Evans, --- Elliŏtʻū, Choji, --- Eliyaṭ, Jārj, --- Evans, Mary Anne, --- אליוט, ג׳ַַורג׳ --- אליוט, ג׳ורג׳, --- עליאט, דזשארדזש --- עליאט, דזשארדזש, --- עליוט ג׳יארג׳, --- עליוט, גי׳ארג׳, --- עליוט, ג׳רארג׳, --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Thematology --- English literature --- Eliot, George --- Eliot, George, -- 1819-1880 -- Criticism and interpretation. --- Evolution (Biology) in literature. --- Feminism and literature -- Great Britain -- History -- 19th century. --- Gender identity in literature. --- Literature and science -- Great Britain -- History -- 19th century. --- Sex role in literature. --- Spencer, Herbert, -- 1820-1903 -- Criticism and interpretation. --- Women in literature. --- Spencer, Herbert,