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St. Francis of Assisi

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Prayer of St. Francis of Assisi.

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Tomaz Mastnak's provocative analysis of the roots of peacemaking in the Western world elucidates struggles for peace that took place in the high and late Middle Ages. Mastnak traces the ways that eleventh-century peace movements, seeking to end violence among Christians, shaped not only power structures within Christendom but also the relationship of the Western Christian world to the world outside. The unification of Christian society under the banner of "holy peace" precipitated a fundamental division between the Christian and non-Christian worlds, and the postulated peace among Christians led to holy war against non-Christians.

Crusades. --- Peace --- Just war doctrine --- Monarchy --- Kingdom (Monarchy) --- Executive power --- Political science --- Royalists --- Jus ad bellum --- War --- War (Philosophy) --- Coexistence, Peaceful --- Peaceful coexistence --- International relations --- Disarmament --- Peace-building --- Security, International --- Church history --- Middle Ages --- Chivalry --- Religious aspects --- Christianity --- History of doctrines --- History --- Islam. --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Europe --- bernard of clairvaux. --- bishops. --- blanquerna. --- boniface. --- cardini. --- carolingian. --- christendom. --- christian sects. --- christianity. --- church doctrine. --- church history. --- crusades. --- diplomacy. --- empire. --- europe. --- holy crusade. --- holy peace. --- holy war. --- imperialism. --- islam. --- just war. --- medieval. --- middle ages. --- middle east. --- monarchy. --- monks. --- muslim world. --- pagans. --- papal monarchy. --- peace. --- peacemaking. --- peter the venerable. --- philip iv. --- religion. --- religious violence. --- religious war. --- roger bacon. --- spirituality. --- st francis of assisi. --- thomas aquinas. --- war. --- warrior monks. --- will of god.

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This volume includes 12 chapters of pilgrim studies on European pilgrimages in the Catholic tradition in multidisciplinary perspectives. The contributions’ methodological perspectives range from quantitative approaches of social science to qualitative approaches of the humanities, from religious studies to political science, and from philosophy to geography. The themes of this contribution reflect on the Italian landscape of pilgrimage, on the Oberammergau passion play, on the pilgrim aspect of the 1989 revolution in Romania, and two types of pilgrimage in the Catholic tradition and how they present themselves on the internet. Three social science chapters provide new data and analysis to the most popular pilgrim destination in Europe: The Ways of St. James to Santiago de Compostela. Five studies discuss papal pilgrims and pilgrim popes. The chapters range from a historical analysis of the pilgrimage from Mexico to Rome in the 19th century and a quantitative analysis of all papal addresses in Fatima in the 20th and 21st centuries, from two chapters on the most influential pilgrim pope, John Paul II, to his homeland Poland, and to an analysis of the Vatican’s virtual approach to pilgrimage.

Religion & beliefs --- pilgrimage --- Way of St. James --- religion --- lived religion --- geopolitics --- Catholic Church --- Europe --- materiality --- politics --- ideology --- Virgin Mary --- catholic pilgrimages --- Mexican Catholicism --- papacy --- Roman Question --- ultramontanism --- Latin America --- mobilization --- internet --- John Paul II --- Benedict XVI --- Francis --- soft power --- Marian apparition --- Marian pilgrimage --- Fatima --- Pope Paul VI --- Pope John Paul II --- Pope Benedict XVI --- Pope Francis --- communion --- protest --- Romania --- transformation --- spiritual routes --- Via Francigena --- contemporary pilgrimage --- St. Peter Apostle --- St. Francis of Assisi --- Mediterranean routes --- learning walks --- hiking --- socio-educational pilgrimage --- delinquency --- young offenders --- Camino de Santiago --- pilgrimages --- marriage --- family --- Poland --- pilgrims --- German-speaking --- religiosity --- spirituality --- multidimensional structure of religiosity --- centrality of religiosity scale --- religious self-concept --- spiritual self-concept --- tourism --- charismatic objects --- Oberammergau --- Passion Play --- relics --- Karol Wojtyła --- dignity of the person --- truth --- freedom --- conscience

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St Francis of Assisi is one of the most admired figures of the Middle Ages - and one of the most important in the Christian church, modelling his life on the literal observance of the Gospel and recovering an emphasis on the poverty experienced by Jesus Christ. From 1217 Francis sent communities of friars throughout Christendom and launched missions to several countries, including India and China. The movement soon became established in most cities and several large towns, and, enjoying close relations with the popes, its followers were ideal instruments for the propagation of the reforms of the Fourth Lateran Council of 1215. They quickly became part of the landscape of medieval life and made their influence felt throughout society. This book explores the first 250 years of the order's history and charts its rapid growth, development, pastoral ministry, educational organisation, missionary endeavour, internal tensions and divisions. Intended for both the general and more specialist reader, it offers a complete survey of the Franciscan Order. Dr MICHAEL ROBSON is a Fellow and Director of Studies in Theology at St Edmund's College, Cambridge.

Christian religious orders --- Franciscans --- anno 1200-1499 --- Monastic and religious life --- History --- 271.3 "12/15" --- Franciskanen. Minderbroeders--?"12/15" --- History. --- 271.3 "12/15" Franciskanen. Minderbroeders--?"12/15" --- Alcantarines --- Bernardyni --- Cordeliers --- Discalced Friars Minor --- Família Franciscana --- Frades Menores --- Frailes Menores --- Franciscains --- Franciscains mineurs --- Franciscan Discalceati --- Franciscan Order --- Franciscan Reformati --- Franciszkanie --- Frant︠s︡iskanskiĭ orden --- Frant︠s︡iskant︠s︡y --- Frati minori --- Fratres minores --- Frères mineurs --- Friars, Gray --- Friars Minor --- Gråbrøderne --- Gray Friars --- Grey Friars --- Mala braća --- Minderbrüder --- Minoriten --- Minorites --- O.F.M. --- Observants --- OFM --- Ojcowie Franciszkanie --- Ordem dos Frades Menores --- Ordem dos Franciscanos --- Ordem Franciscana --- Orden de Frailes Menores --- Orden de los Frailes Menores --- Orden Franciscana --- Orden sv. Frant︠s︡iska --- Order of Friars Minor --- Ordine dei Frati Minori --- Ordine dei minori --- Ordre des frères franciscains mineurs --- Ordo Fratrum Minorum --- Reformati --- Reformed Franciscans --- Seraphic Order --- Capuchins --- Conventuals --- Franciscan Recollects --- Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Middle Ages, 500-1500 --- Monastic and religious life - History - Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Moyen Age --- Christian Church. --- Church History. --- Educational Organization. --- Fourth Lateran Council. --- Franciscans. --- Medieval Life. --- Missions. --- Pastoral Ministry. --- Poverty. --- Reforms. --- St. Francis of Assisi.