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Stereotyping (Printing) --- Hodgson, Thomas,

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Electrotyping --- Stereotyping (Printing) --- Law and legislation

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Electrotyping --- Stereotyping (Printing) --- Law and legislation

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First realized commercially in the late eighteenth century, stereotyping—the creation of solid printing plates cast from moveable type—fundamentally changed the way in which books were printed. Publishing Plates chronicles the technological and cultural shifts that resulted from the introduction of this technology in the United States.The commissioning of plates altered shop practices, distribution methods, and even the author-publisher relationship. Drawing on archival records, Jeffrey M. Makala traces the first uses of stereotyping in Philadelphia in 1812, its adoption by printers in New York and Philadelphia, and its effects on the trade. He looks closely at the printers, typefounders, authors, and publishers who watched small, regional, artisan-based printing traditions rapidly evolve, clearing the way for the industrialized publishing industry that would emerge in the United States at midcentury. Through case studies of the publisher Mathew Carey and the American Bible Society, one of the first publishers of cheap Bibles, Makala explores the origins of the American publishing industry and American mass media. In addition, Makala examines changes in the notion of authorship, copyright, and language and their effects on writers and literary circles, giving examples from the works and lives of Herman Melville, Sojourner Truth, Edgar Allan Poe, Henry David Thoreau, and Walt Whitman, among others. Incorporating perspectives from the fields of book history, the history of technology, material culture studies, and American studies, this book presents a rich, detailed history of an innovation that transformed American culture.

Stereotyping (Printing) --- Electrotyping --- Printing industry --- History

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Men who do "women's work" have consistently been the butt of jokes, derided for their lack of drive and masculinity. In this eye-opening study, Christine Williams provides a wholly new look at men who work in predominantly female jobs. Having conducted extensive interviews in four cities, Williams uncovers how men in four occupations--nursing, elementary school teaching, librarianship, and social work--think about themselves and experience their work. Contrary to popular imagery, men in traditionally female occupations do not define themselves differently from men in more traditional occupations. Williams finds that most embrace conventional, masculine values. Her findings about how these men fare in their jobs are also counterintuitive. Rather than being surpassed by the larger number of women around them, these men experience the "glass escalator effect," rising in disproportionate numbers to administrative jobs at the top of their professions. Williams finds that a complex interplay between gendered expectations embedded in organizations, and the socially determined ideas workers bring to their jobs, contribute to mens' advantages in these occupations. Using a feminist psychoanalytic perspective, Williams calls for more men not only to cross over to women's occupations, but also to develop alternative masculinities that find common ground with traditionally female norms of cooperation and caring. Until the workplace is sexually integrated and masculine and feminine norms equally valued, it will unfortunately remain "still a man's world.".

Sex discrimination against men --- Sex discrimination in employment --- Sex role in the work environment --- Stereotypes (Social psychology) --- Discrimination a l'égard des hommes --- Discrimination sexuelle dans l'emploi --- Rôle selon le sexe dans le milieu de travail --- Stéréotypes --- Sex discrimination against men. --- Sex discrimination in employment. --- Sex role in the work environment. --- Stereotypes (Social psychology). --- Labor & Workers' Economics --- Business & Economics --- Discrimination a l'égard des hommes --- Rôle selon le sexe dans le milieu de travail --- Stéréotypes --- Mental stereotypes --- Stereotype (Psychology) --- Stereotyping (Social psychology) --- Discrimination against men --- Men, Discrimination against --- E-books --- Social psychology --- Attitude (Psychology) --- Rigidity (Psychology) --- Employment (Economic theory) --- Sexual division of labor --- Women --- Sex discrimination --- Industrial sociology --- Sexual harassment --- Work environment --- Employment --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Anthropology / Cultural. --- Stereotyping (Printing) --- Stereotyping --- Relief printing --- Electrotyping --- administration. --- administrative jobs. --- economic relations. --- elementary school education. --- elementary school teaching. --- employment. --- feminism. --- feminist perspective. --- gender studies. --- gender. --- gendered expectations. --- gendered jobs. --- glass escalator effect. --- industrial relations. --- labor. --- librarians. --- librarianship. --- masculine values. --- masculinity studies. --- masculinity. --- men and masculinity book series. --- men. --- nurses. --- nursing. --- predominantly female jobs. --- social work. --- womens work. --- work. --- workplace.