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Dissertation
Quels sont les impacts de la libyostrongylose sur la production mondiale d'autruches (Struthio camelus) et quel est le traitement anthelmintique idéal pour lutter contre ces parasites (Libyostrongylus sp.) ?
Authors: --- --- ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Liège Université de Liège (ULiège)

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OBJECTIF DU TRAVAIL : Réaliser une synthèse bibliographique sur les infestations à Libyostrongylus et évaluer l’impact de ces dernières sur l’élevage d’autruches, tant en termes de santé des animaux que de pertes économiques. Proposer des pistes de lutte contre la libyostrongylose faisant appel au management ainsi qu’aux traitements antiparasitaires et établir une liste des différents traitements pour lesquels une efficacité a été démontrée.. 
RESUME : L’autruche est domestiquée depuis à peine 150 ans et son élevage est encore une activité récente. La médecine des autruches est donc relativement neuve et de nombreuses recherches seront encore nécessaires avant qu’elle atteigne le niveau des autres espèces plus traditionnelles. La production d’autruches est cependant une industrie en pleine croissance dans certaines régions du monde. Libyostrongylus est un genre de nématodes de la famille des Trichostrongylidae, parasite spécifique de l’autruche. Le genre comporte trois espèces dont L. douglassii qui est l’espèce la plus pathogène et celle avec la plus vaste aire de distribution géographique, importée globalement avec ses hôtes. Le cycle est direct, avec des larves pénétrant la paroi proventriculaire et ses glandes et des adultes hématophages vivant à la surface de la muqueuse. Les signes cliniques les plus fréquemment observés comprennent l’anorexie, l’amaigrissement et l’anémie. L’infestation peut provoquer une proventriculite sévère nécrosante ainsi que des lésions ulcératives et des infections secondaires bactériennes ou fongiques. La maladie est surnommée « vrotmaag » en afrikaans ou « rotten stomach » en anglais à cause de l’apparence putride qu’elle donne à la surface interne de l’estomac. La maladie est particulièrement grave chez les autruchons chez qui des taux de mortalité allant jusqu’à 50% peuvent être observés, alors que chez les adultes la présence de signes cliniques est rare. La mortalité des jeunes ainsi que la diminution de la productivité des adultes et de la qualité des produits entraîne des pertes économiques non négligeables. Le meilleur moyen de diagnostiquer une libyostrongylose est de réaliser une coproculture larvaire, les larves étant facilement différenciables des autres parasites, contrairement aux œufs. De manière générale les éleveurs sont peu informés sur les méthodes de contrôle du parasite. Pourtant, la mise en place de bonnes pratiques de management telles que le respect de quarantaines, les mesures de biosécurité, l’hygiène, le choix de la technique d’élevage, la prophylaxie pharmaceutique... permettraient de réduire la pression d’infection. A l’heure actuelle les principales molécules anthelmintiques utilisées pour lutter contre la libyostrongylose sont l’ivermectine, le lévamisole et le fenbendazole. Il est rare que les bonnes pratiques d’utilisation des antiparasitaires soient respectées. L’émergence de résistances a déjà été rapportée, notamment envers l’ivermectine au Brésil et le lévamisole en Afrique du Sud. AIM OF THE WORK : Writing a review of the literature concerning Libyostrongylus infections and assessing the impact of the latter on ostrich farming, both in terms of animal health and economic losses. Suggesting leads to fight libyostrongylosis using management as well as anthelmintic treatments and drawing up a list of known treatments which have shown their effectiveness. 
SUMMARY : Ostriches have been domesticated for barely 150 years and ostrich farming is a young discipline. Ostrich medicine is therefore fairly recent and much research is still needed before it reaches the level of other more traditional species, though ostrich farming is a growing industry in some parts of the world. Libyostrongylus is an ostrich specific parasitic genus of nematodes belonging to the Trichostrongylidae. The genus comprises three species of which L. douglassii is the most pathogenic and the one with the largest distribution area, imported worldwide with its hosts. It has a direct cycle, with larvae penetrating the proventricular wall and its glands and blood-sucking adults living on the surface of the mucosa. The most common clinical signs include anorexia, weight loss and anaemia. Infestation can cause severe necrotizing proventriculitis as well as ulcerative lesions and secondary bacterial or fungal infections. The disease is nicknamed "vrotmaag" in Afrikaans or "rotten stomach" in English because of the putrid appearance it gives to the inner surface of the stomach. The disease is particularly severe in chicks which can show up to 50% mortality, but is rarely clinical in adults. Chicks mortality as well as the decrease in adult productivity and quality of products leads to significant economic losses. The best way to diagnose libyostrongylosis is to perform larval coproculture, the larvae being easily differentiable from other parasites, unlike eggs. Farmers are generally poorly informed about the methods of parasite control. The implementation of good management practices such as quarantines, biosecurity measures, hygiene, raising the chicks alone, pharmaceutical prophylaxis ... would reduce the infection pressure. Currently, the main anthelmintic molecules used to fight against libyostrongylosis are ivermectin, levamisole and fenbendazole. Farmers using anthelmintics rarely respect the recommendations made to avoid resistance emergence. Resistance has already been reported, particularly against ivermectin in Brazil and levamisole in South Africa.


Book
Le Ballet des singes et des autruches
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 9782070127993 Year: 2010 Publisher: [Paris] Le Promeneur

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Le 14 décembre 1645, Louis XIV, tout juste âgé de sept ans, assiste à la représentation du premier opéra joué en France, La Finta Pazza (« la folle feinte ») de Francesco Sacrati. L'enfant se fascine pour les ballets de singes, d'autruches, d'ours, d'indiens et de perroquets qui rythment les intermèdes. On peut même supposer qu'il colorie, avec une maladroite application, la suite de gravures qu'en tire, pour commémorer ces chorégraphies, Valerio Spada. Une dizaine d'années plus tard, le jeune vainqueur de la Fronde danse devant sa cour les ballets d'un autre opéra, Les Noces de Thétis et Pélée. Il s'y grime en Apollon, en dryade, en élève de Chiron, en courtisan et en allégorie de la Guerre. Dans leur contingence apparente, ces deux événements se recoupent en plusieurs points : outre d'impliquer la figure du roi et sa passion du spectacle, d'appartenir l'un et l'autre aux premières décennies d'une nouvelle forme d'art, ils furent l'objet de scénographies stupéfiantes, dues au même « Grand Magicien », virtuose des nuées, des métamorphoses, des perspectives confondantes, des changements à vue : Giacomo Torelli. Ils représentent la Merveille Baroque à son apogée. L'album de La Finta Pazza est aujourd'hui l'un des joyaux du Fonds Jacques Doucet, conservés à l'Institut national d'histoire de l'art, et il est ici reproduit pour la première fois en fac-similé dans sa totalité. Il est complété d'un choix de planches représentant les décors de Torelli pour Les Noces de Thétis et Pélée.


Book
Ostrich production systems
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9251043000 Year: 1999 Publisher: Rome FAO


Book
The Ostrich Communal Nesting System.
Author:
ISBN: 9781400863143 1400863147 Year: 2014 Publisher: Princeton Princeton University Press

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As the study of cooperative breeding systems expands, a number of key species form the examples that underpin our general understanding. The ostrich is increasingly becoming such a textbook species, on the basis of the results obtained in Brian Bertram's study of vigilance and egg discrimination in this extraordinary bird. Here Bertram presents new data on the ostrich communal nesting system, in which several females lay in one female's nest, with only one female and the male doing all the work. The Ostrich Communal Nesting System unravels the basis of the cooperation observed, and explains how a system involving apparent altruism is maintained by natural selection. It is now possible as never before to explain and quantify the effects of the different choices these birds make and to integrate ecological and morphological factors such as predation and size. Based on three seasons of study in Tsavo West National Park in Kenya, this book depended on recognizing individual birds, detecting and monitoring well-concealed nests, determining motherhood of eggs from their surface appearance, and time-lapse photography of nests. Key findings were that females could switch rapidly between reproductive strategies, that a nesting female could recognize her own eggs and when necessary discriminate against those of other females, and that the whiteness of ostrich eggs is an adaptation that protects them against overheating but at the cost of greater vulnerability to predation.Originally published in 1992.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.


Book
Girlpower & boyhood
Authors: --- --- --- --- --- et al.
ISBN: 8777661664 Year: 2006 Publisher: Odense Kunsthallen Brandts


Book
Biological and Pharmacological Activity of Plant Natural Compounds II
Authors: ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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The Special issue "Biological and Pharmacological Activity of Plant Natural Compounds II" is continuing the intriguing research on the use of natural plant products. The second edition follows the aim of the first one.

Keywords

Medicine --- Pharmacology --- Bergenia species --- botanical description --- traditional uses --- phytochemistry --- pharmacology --- anti-urolithiatic activity --- bergenin --- Flaxseed oil --- linusorb B3 --- anti-cancer --- apoptosis --- actin polymerization --- Src --- glioblastoma --- chlorogenic acid --- coffee --- cyclooxygenase --- espresso --- instant coffee --- platelet aggregation --- Rubia tinctorum L. --- antioxidants --- polyphenols --- ethylene glycol --- urolithiasis --- histophatology --- Saccharomyces cerevisiae --- β-glucan --- antimicrobial and anticancer activities --- detoxification ability --- immunomodulatory effect --- Aquilaria sinensis --- pheophorbide A --- MMP-2 --- MMP-9 --- HT-1080 --- advanced glycation end product (AGE) --- oxidative stress --- epithelial to mesenchymal transition --- AGE-inhibitor --- swertiamarin --- diabetic nephropathy --- astragaloside IV --- Astragalus membranaceus --- huang qi --- Astragali Radix --- liver --- liver regeneration --- 70% partial hepatectomy --- proliferation --- rat --- memory --- object recognition --- Ginkgo biloba --- dorsal hippocampus formation --- brain-derived neurotrophic factor --- Diclofenac --- γ-lactone --- nano-emulsion --- methylcellulose --- Ostrich oil --- Struthio camelus --- Caenorhabditis elegans --- leaf extract --- neuroprotection --- antioxidant activity --- DAF-16 --- Clerodendrum infortunatum --- terpenoids --- phenylpropanoids --- antidiabetic --- breast cancer --- Combretum indicum L. --- antidiabetic activity --- histopathology --- UPLC-QTOF/ESI-MS --- network pharmacology --- Biebersteinia heterostemon --- galegine --- hypotensive --- toxicity --- Sage --- Salvia officinalis --- cytotoxicity --- hepatoprotection --- MDA --- TAOxC --- MCF-7 --- HeLA cells --- HepG-2 cells --- Peganum harmala --- anti-inflammatory activity --- antioxidant --- LC-ESI-MS/MS --- traditional medicine --- rheumatoid arthritis --- rosmanol --- carnosol --- Callicarpa longissima --- TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK --- synergistic effect --- diabetes mellitus --- anti-diabetic drugs --- monoterpenes


Book
Biological and Pharmacological Activity of Plant Natural Compounds II
Authors: ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

The Special issue "Biological and Pharmacological Activity of Plant Natural Compounds II" is continuing the intriguing research on the use of natural plant products. The second edition follows the aim of the first one.

Keywords

Medicine --- Pharmacology --- Bergenia species --- botanical description --- traditional uses --- phytochemistry --- pharmacology --- anti-urolithiatic activity --- bergenin --- Flaxseed oil --- linusorb B3 --- anti-cancer --- apoptosis --- actin polymerization --- Src --- glioblastoma --- chlorogenic acid --- coffee --- cyclooxygenase --- espresso --- instant coffee --- platelet aggregation --- Rubia tinctorum L. --- antioxidants --- polyphenols --- ethylene glycol --- urolithiasis --- histophatology --- Saccharomyces cerevisiae --- β-glucan --- antimicrobial and anticancer activities --- detoxification ability --- immunomodulatory effect --- Aquilaria sinensis --- pheophorbide A --- MMP-2 --- MMP-9 --- HT-1080 --- advanced glycation end product (AGE) --- oxidative stress --- epithelial to mesenchymal transition --- AGE-inhibitor --- swertiamarin --- diabetic nephropathy --- astragaloside IV --- Astragalus membranaceus --- huang qi --- Astragali Radix --- liver --- liver regeneration --- 70% partial hepatectomy --- proliferation --- rat --- memory --- object recognition --- Ginkgo biloba --- dorsal hippocampus formation --- brain-derived neurotrophic factor --- Diclofenac --- γ-lactone --- nano-emulsion --- methylcellulose --- Ostrich oil --- Struthio camelus --- Caenorhabditis elegans --- leaf extract --- neuroprotection --- antioxidant activity --- DAF-16 --- Clerodendrum infortunatum --- terpenoids --- phenylpropanoids --- antidiabetic --- breast cancer --- Combretum indicum L. --- antidiabetic activity --- histopathology --- UPLC-QTOF/ESI-MS --- network pharmacology --- Biebersteinia heterostemon --- galegine --- hypotensive --- toxicity --- Sage --- Salvia officinalis --- cytotoxicity --- hepatoprotection --- MDA --- TAOxC --- MCF-7 --- HeLA cells --- HepG-2 cells --- Peganum harmala --- anti-inflammatory activity --- antioxidant --- LC-ESI-MS/MS --- traditional medicine --- rheumatoid arthritis --- rosmanol --- carnosol --- Callicarpa longissima --- TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK --- synergistic effect --- diabetes mellitus --- anti-diabetic drugs --- monoterpenes


Book
Biological and Pharmacological Activity of Plant Natural Compounds II
Authors: ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

Loading...
Export citation

Choose an application

Bookmark

Abstract

The Special issue "Biological and Pharmacological Activity of Plant Natural Compounds II" is continuing the intriguing research on the use of natural plant products. The second edition follows the aim of the first one.

Keywords

Bergenia species --- botanical description --- traditional uses --- phytochemistry --- pharmacology --- anti-urolithiatic activity --- bergenin --- Flaxseed oil --- linusorb B3 --- anti-cancer --- apoptosis --- actin polymerization --- Src --- glioblastoma --- chlorogenic acid --- coffee --- cyclooxygenase --- espresso --- instant coffee --- platelet aggregation --- Rubia tinctorum L. --- antioxidants --- polyphenols --- ethylene glycol --- urolithiasis --- histophatology --- Saccharomyces cerevisiae --- β-glucan --- antimicrobial and anticancer activities --- detoxification ability --- immunomodulatory effect --- Aquilaria sinensis --- pheophorbide A --- MMP-2 --- MMP-9 --- HT-1080 --- advanced glycation end product (AGE) --- oxidative stress --- epithelial to mesenchymal transition --- AGE-inhibitor --- swertiamarin --- diabetic nephropathy --- astragaloside IV --- Astragalus membranaceus --- huang qi --- Astragali Radix --- liver --- liver regeneration --- 70% partial hepatectomy --- proliferation --- rat --- memory --- object recognition --- Ginkgo biloba --- dorsal hippocampus formation --- brain-derived neurotrophic factor --- Diclofenac --- γ-lactone --- nano-emulsion --- methylcellulose --- Ostrich oil --- Struthio camelus --- Caenorhabditis elegans --- leaf extract --- neuroprotection --- antioxidant activity --- DAF-16 --- Clerodendrum infortunatum --- terpenoids --- phenylpropanoids --- antidiabetic --- breast cancer --- Combretum indicum L. --- antidiabetic activity --- histopathology --- UPLC-QTOF/ESI-MS --- network pharmacology --- Biebersteinia heterostemon --- galegine --- hypotensive --- toxicity --- Sage --- Salvia officinalis --- cytotoxicity --- hepatoprotection --- MDA --- TAOxC --- MCF-7 --- HeLA cells --- HepG-2 cells --- Peganum harmala --- anti-inflammatory activity --- antioxidant --- LC-ESI-MS/MS --- traditional medicine --- rheumatoid arthritis --- rosmanol --- carnosol --- Callicarpa longissima --- TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK --- synergistic effect --- diabetes mellitus --- anti-diabetic drugs --- monoterpenes

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