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Book
Sub- and Supra-Second Timing: Brain, Learning and Development
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2016 Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

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Abstract

Time perception in the range of milliseconds to a few seconds is essential for many important sensory and perceptual tasks including speech perception, motion perception, motor coordination, and cross-modal interaction. For the brain to be in synchrony with the environment, the physical differences in the speeds of light and sound, as well as stimuli from other modalities such as odors, must be processed and coordinated (Pöppel & Bao 2014; Bao et al., 2015). Time is a subjective feeling that is modulated by emotional states which trigger temporal distortions (temporal dilation vs. contraction) (Wittmann et al., 2014), hence give rise to subjective time that may be different to event time as initially registered in the brain. Recent research suggests that time perception in a multisensory world is subject to prior task experience and shaped by (statistical) learning processes. Humans are active learners. That is, the engagement of the own body in a timing task within a perceptual-action loop will make a noticeable difference in timing performance, as compared to when humans only passively perceive the same perceptual scenario (Bao et al., 2015; Chen & Vroomen, 2013). This Research Topic of “Sub-and Supra-Second Timing: Brain, Learning and Development” has integrated sixteen submissions of novel research on sub- and supra-timing. We have categorized the papers in this topic into the following four themes, from which we can deduce trends of research about multisensory timing in the sub- and supra-second range: Sensory timing, interaction and reliability Adaptive representation of time, learning and temporal prediction Sensorimotor synchronization, embodiment and coordination Perspective of psychological moment and temporal organization Overall, the collections in “Sub-and Supra-Second Timing: Brain, Learning and Development” show some recent trends and debates in multisensory timing research as well as provide a venue to inspire future work in multisensory timing.


Book
Sub- and Supra-Second Timing: Brain, Learning and Development
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2016 Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

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Abstract

Time perception in the range of milliseconds to a few seconds is essential for many important sensory and perceptual tasks including speech perception, motion perception, motor coordination, and cross-modal interaction. For the brain to be in synchrony with the environment, the physical differences in the speeds of light and sound, as well as stimuli from other modalities such as odors, must be processed and coordinated (Pöppel & Bao 2014; Bao et al., 2015). Time is a subjective feeling that is modulated by emotional states which trigger temporal distortions (temporal dilation vs. contraction) (Wittmann et al., 2014), hence give rise to subjective time that may be different to event time as initially registered in the brain. Recent research suggests that time perception in a multisensory world is subject to prior task experience and shaped by (statistical) learning processes. Humans are active learners. That is, the engagement of the own body in a timing task within a perceptual-action loop will make a noticeable difference in timing performance, as compared to when humans only passively perceive the same perceptual scenario (Bao et al., 2015; Chen & Vroomen, 2013). This Research Topic of “Sub-and Supra-Second Timing: Brain, Learning and Development” has integrated sixteen submissions of novel research on sub- and supra-timing. We have categorized the papers in this topic into the following four themes, from which we can deduce trends of research about multisensory timing in the sub- and supra-second range: Sensory timing, interaction and reliability Adaptive representation of time, learning and temporal prediction Sensorimotor synchronization, embodiment and coordination Perspective of psychological moment and temporal organization Overall, the collections in “Sub-and Supra-Second Timing: Brain, Learning and Development” show some recent trends and debates in multisensory timing research as well as provide a venue to inspire future work in multisensory timing.


Book
Sub- and Supra-Second Timing: Brain, Learning and Development
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2016 Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

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Abstract

Time perception in the range of milliseconds to a few seconds is essential for many important sensory and perceptual tasks including speech perception, motion perception, motor coordination, and cross-modal interaction. For the brain to be in synchrony with the environment, the physical differences in the speeds of light and sound, as well as stimuli from other modalities such as odors, must be processed and coordinated (Pöppel & Bao 2014; Bao et al., 2015). Time is a subjective feeling that is modulated by emotional states which trigger temporal distortions (temporal dilation vs. contraction) (Wittmann et al., 2014), hence give rise to subjective time that may be different to event time as initially registered in the brain. Recent research suggests that time perception in a multisensory world is subject to prior task experience and shaped by (statistical) learning processes. Humans are active learners. That is, the engagement of the own body in a timing task within a perceptual-action loop will make a noticeable difference in timing performance, as compared to when humans only passively perceive the same perceptual scenario (Bao et al., 2015; Chen & Vroomen, 2013). This Research Topic of “Sub-and Supra-Second Timing: Brain, Learning and Development” has integrated sixteen submissions of novel research on sub- and supra-timing. We have categorized the papers in this topic into the following four themes, from which we can deduce trends of research about multisensory timing in the sub- and supra-second range: Sensory timing, interaction and reliability Adaptive representation of time, learning and temporal prediction Sensorimotor synchronization, embodiment and coordination Perspective of psychological moment and temporal organization Overall, the collections in “Sub-and Supra-Second Timing: Brain, Learning and Development” show some recent trends and debates in multisensory timing research as well as provide a venue to inspire future work in multisensory timing.


Book
Subjektive und objektive Zeit : Aristoteles und die moderne Zeit-Theorie
Authors: ---
ISBN: 3110709880 3110709228 9783110709889 Year: 2021 Publisher: Berlin ; Boston : De Gruyter,

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Die Unterscheidung zwischen subjektiver und objektiver Zeit stellt in modernen Zeit-Theorien einen scharfen Dualismus dar, der das gegenwärtige Denken über Zeit tief prägt. Aus dieser Sicht gilt es als bislang unüberwindliches Problem, eine einheitliche Theorie der Zeit zu entwickeln, die eine subjektive und objektive Zeit-Konzeption konsistent zusammenführt. Das wichtigste Ziel dieses Essays besteht darin, zu einer Abschwächung dieses Problems beizutragen. Dazu wird im ersten Teil auf die Zeit-Theorie des Aristoteles zurückgeblickt und eine Lesart entwickelt, die zeigt, dass und wie Aristoteles eine einheitliche Theorie der Zeit aufgebaut hat, die sowohl subjektive als auch objektiver Komponenten aufweist. Dafür muss allerdings die verbreitete moderne Interpretation dieser Theorie entkräftet werden, die Aristoteles' zeit-theoretischen Ansatz für grandios gescheitert erklärt hat. Im zweiten Teil des Essays wird nachgewiesen, das der moderne Dualismus von subjektiver und objektiver Zeit auf einer allgemeineren Unterscheidung von Subjektivität und Objektivität beruht, die sich als naiv und unhaltbar erweist. Aus Sicht der modernen Philosophie ist jede wichtige Art von Subjektivität mit einer Art von Objektivität durchschossen. Damit lässt sich auch die Differenz von subjektiver und objektiver Zeit so abschwächen, dass sich zumindest im Kontext der Erde als Bezugssystem mit ihren Entitäten mittlerer Größe eine einheitliche Theorie der Zeit abzeichnet. This essay examines the differentiation between subjective and objective time in Aristotle and in modern theories of time. It aims to show that (i) Aristotle does make this distinction but regards subjective and objective time as compatible, whereas (ii) modern theories of time have sharpened this distinction into a strict duality, but (iii) a sharp division of this kind is theoretically untenable.

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