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Food habits --- -Eating --- Food customs --- Foodways --- Human beings --- Habit --- Manners and customs --- Diet --- Nutrition --- Oral habits --- France, Southwest --- -France, Southwestern --- Southwest France --- Southwestern France --- Sud-Ouest (France) --- Social life and customs --- -France, Southwest --- -Social life and customs --- Social life and customs. --- Eating --- France, South West --- France, Southwestern --- South West France --- Alimentation --- Histoire --- Confit --- Habitudes alimentaires --- France

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A fresh look at the Albigensian Crusade, highlighting its effects upon the indigenous nobility. The Albigensian Crusade was called by Pope Innocent III in 1208 against the Count of Toulouse in response to the murder of the papal legate Pierre des Castelnau. The Pope's aim was to force the Count and other nobles in Languedocto take action against the Cathar heretics in their lands, but in the end, the defeat of Catharism in the south of France was achieved through the establishment of the Inquisition and the extension of French royal authority to thearea. While some Occitan noble families survived the crusade, others were destroyed and the behaviour of the crusaders towards the local nobility has often been regarded as rather arbitrary, unconnected to how these families related to each other before 1209. This study takes the case of the Trencavel Viscounts of Béziers and Carcassonne, who were the only members of the higher nobility to lose their lands to the crusade, and argues that an understandingof how the Occitan nobility fared in the crusade years must be based in the context of the politics of the noble society of Languedoc, not only in the thirteenth century but also in the twelfth. ELAINE GRAHAM-LEIGH gained her Ph.D. from the University of London.

Albigenses --- Nobility --- Christian heresies --- History. --- History --- France, Southwest --- France --- Religious aspects. --- Church history --- Noble class --- Noble families --- Nobles (Social class) --- Peerage --- Upper class --- Aristocracy (Social class) --- Titles of honor and nobility --- Albigensians --- Cathari --- Catharists --- Cathars --- France, South West --- France, Southwestern --- South West France --- Southwest France --- Southwestern France --- Sud-Ouest (France) --- Albigensian Crusade. --- Cathar Heretics. --- French Royal Authority. --- Indigenous Nobility. --- Inquisition. --- Languedoc Politics. --- Noble Society. --- Occitan Noble Families. --- Southern France. --- Thirteenth Century. --- Trencavel Viscounts. --- Twelfth Century.

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Inheritance and succession --- Entail --- Customary law --- History. --- -Entail --- -Inheritance and succession --- -Bequests --- Descent and distribution --- Descents --- Hereditary succession --- Intestacy --- Intestate succession --- Law of succession --- Succession, Intestate --- Real property --- Universal succession --- Trusts and trustees --- Estate tail --- Limitations (Law) --- Land tenure --- Primogeniture --- Restraints on alienation --- Fideicommissum --- Customs (Law) --- Folk law --- Usage and custom (Law) --- Social norms --- Common law --- Time immemorial (Law) --- History --- Law and legislation --- France, Southwest --- -France, Southwestern --- Southwest France --- Southwestern France --- Sud-Ouest (France) --- Social life and customs --- -History --- -Social life and customs --- Bequests --- France, South West --- France, Southwestern --- South West France --- Social life and customs. --- France [Southwest ] --- Domestic relations --- Law, Primitive --- Traditional law --- Inheritance and succession - France, Southwest - History. --- Entail - France, Southwest. --- Customary law - France, Southwest.

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Monasticism and religious orders --- Legends, Christian --- History --- -Monasticism and religious orders --- -Monachism --- Monastic orders --- Monasticism and religious orders for men --- Monasticism and religious orders of men --- Orders, Monastic --- Religious orders --- Brotherhoods --- Christian communities --- Brothers (Religious) --- Friars --- Monks --- Superiors, Religious --- Legends --- Benedictines --- -Bencések --- Benedettini --- Bénédictins --- Beneditinos --- Benedyktyni --- O.S.B. --- Ordem de São Bento --- Order of Saint Benedict --- Ordine di San Benedetto --- Ordo Sancti Benedicti --- OSB --- Saint Benedict, Order of --- France --- France, Southwest --- -France, Southwestern --- Southwest France --- Southwestern France --- Sud-Ouest (France) --- Kings and rulers --- -Religion --- -Folklore. --- Church history --- Ordini religiosi --- Francia --- Storia --- -History --- -Kings and rulers --- Christian legends --- Légendes chrétiennes --- Bénédictins --- France (Sud-Ouest) --- Légendes chrétiennes --- -Legends, Christian --- Monachism --- Orders, Religious --- -France, South West --- France, Southwestern --- South West France --- Pʻŭrangsŭ --- Frankrig --- Francja --- Frant︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Prantsusmaa --- Francia (Republic) --- Tsarfat --- Tsorfat --- Franḳraykh --- Frankreich --- Fa-kuo --- Faguo --- Франция --- French Republic --- République française --- Peurancih --- Frankryk --- Franse Republiek --- Francland --- Frencisc Cynewīse --- فرنسا --- Faransā --- Franza --- Republica Franzesa --- Gallia (Republic) --- Hyãsia --- Phransiya --- Fransa --- Fransa Respublikası --- Franse --- Францыя --- Frantsyi︠a︡ --- Французская Рэспубліка --- Frantsuzskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Parancis --- Pransya --- Franis --- Francuska --- Republika Francuska --- Bro-C'hall --- Френска република --- Frenska republika --- França --- República Francesa --- Pransiya --- Republikang Pranses --- Γαλλία --- Gallia --- Γαλλική Δημοκρατία --- Gallikē Dēmokratia --- فرانسه --- Farānsah --- צרפת --- רפובליקה הצרפתית --- Republiḳah ha-Tsarfatit --- פראנקרייך --- 法国 --- 法蘭西共和國 --- Falanxi Gongheguo --- フランス --- Furansu --- フランス共和国 --- Furansu Kyōwakoku --- Francija --- Ranska --- Frankrike --- Bencések --- History. --- France (Provisional government, 1944-1946) --- France, South West --- Church history. --- Religion --- Folklore. --- Folklore --- Civilization, Medieval --- Civilisation médiévale --- Monachisme et ordres religieux --- Histoire --- Rois et souverains --- Histoire religieuse --- France [Southwest ] --- Legends [Christian ] --- Benedictines - France, Southwest - History. --- Monasticism and religious orders - France, Southwest - History. --- Legends, Christian - France, Southwest. --- France - Kings and rulers - Religion - Folklore. --- France, Southwest - Church history. --- 프랑스 --- Falanxi --- Fa-lan-hsi --- 法蘭西 --- Frankrijk --- Frant︠s︡ --- Франц --- Frant︠s︡ Uls --- Франц Улс --- Monasticism and religious orders - France, Southwest - History - Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Christian legends - France, Southwest --- Benedictines - France, Southwest - History --- France - Kings and rulers - Religion - Folklore --- France, Southwest - Church history --- Legends, Christian - France, Southwest