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Voici la première étude sur la guerre civile syrienne faite à partir d'entretiens réalisés en Syrie même et dans les pays voisins. 2011 : des centaines de milliers de Syriens de toutes confessions et origines ethniques manifestent pacifiquement pour réclamer la démocratisation du régime. Au bout de quelques mois, la violence de la répression les contraint à prendre les armes et à organiser une contre-société avec des institutions embryonnaires et à regrouper des unités militaires improvisées au sein de l'Armée syrienne libre. Après 2013, cette logique inclusive et unanimiste cède progressivement devant la montée des groupes transnationaux comme le PKK et l'État islamique. L'insurrection se fragmente alors avec une polarisation croissante alimentée de l'extérieur. Les groupes les plus modérés sont marginalisés au profit de l'islam politique qui prend des formes de plus en plus radicales et de revendications ethno-nationales kurdes. Quels sont les effets de la guerre sur la société syrienne ? Quelles nouvelles hiérarchies communautaires et sociales résultent de la violence généralisée ? Comment les trajectoires sociales des Syriens pris dans la guerre sont-elles affectées ? Comment se structure l'économie de guerre alors que le pays est divisé entre le régime, l'insurrection, le PKK et l'État islamique ? Un livre unique qui combine une recherche de terrain - rare sur le conflit syrien - et une réflexion théorique novatrice sur les situations de guerre civile.

Syria --- Syrie --- History --- Politics and government --- Histoire --- Politique et gouvernement --- SyriaHistory --- Syria - History - Civil War, 2011 --- -Syria - Politics and government - 2000 --- -Politique et gouvernement

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Syria was once one of the Middle East's most stable states. Today it is a country on its knees. Almost 200,000 people are estimated to have died in its bloody internal conflict and, as the violence intensifies, Syria's future looks bleak. In this timely book, Samer Abboud provides an in-depth analysis of Syria's descent into civil war. He unravels the complex and multi-layered causes of the current political and military stalemate - from rebel fragmentation to the differing roles of international actors, and the rise of competing centers of power throughout the country. Rebel in-fighting and the lack of a centralizing authority, he contends, have exacerbated Syria's fragmentation and fragility. This, in turn, has aided the survival of the Assad regime, contributed to the upsurge of sectarianism, and led to a major humanitarian crisis as nine million Syrians have been forced to flee their homes. A resolution to the Syrian conflict seems unlikely in the short-term as the major actors remains committed to a military solution. As this situation persists, the continued fighting is reshaping Syria's borders and will have repercussions on the wider Middle East for decades to come

Syria --- History --- Refugees --- Politics and government --- SYRIA--HISTORY--CIVIL WAR, 2011 --- -Syria --- Syria - History - Civil War, 2011 --- -Syria - History - Civil War, 2011- - Refugees --- Syria - Politics and government - 2000

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Syria --- Syrie --- Politics and government --- Economic policy. --- Foreign relations --- Politique et gouvernement --- Politique économique --- Relations extérieures --- Economic policy --- Politique économique --- Relations extérieures --- Syria - Politics and government - 2000 --- -Syria - Economic policy --- Syria - Foreign relations - 1971 --- -Syria

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Over much of its rule, the regime of Hafez al-Asad and his successor Bashar al-Asad deployed violence on a massive scale to maintain its grip on political power. In this book, Salwa Ismail examines the rationalities and mechanisms of governing through violence. In a detailed and compelling account, Ismail shows how the political prison and the massacre, in particular, developed as apparatuses of government, shaping Syrians' political subjectivities, defining their understanding of the terms of rule and structuring their relations and interactions with the regime and with one another. Examining ordinary citizens' everyday life experiences and memories of violence across diverse sites, from the internment camp and the massacre to the family and school, The Rule of Violence demonstrates how practices of violence, both in their routine and spectacular forms, fashioned Syrians' affective life, inciting in them feelings of humiliation and abjection, and infusing their lived environment with dread and horror. This form of rule is revealed to be constraining of citizens' political engagement, while also demanding of their action.

Political violence --- History --- Syria --- Politics and government --- Political violence - Syria - History - 20th century --- Political violence - Syria - History - 21st century --- Syria - Politics and government - 1971-2000 --- Syria - Politics and government - 2000 --- -Political violence - Syria - History - 20th century --- -Political violence

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Née du partage de l’Empire ottoman entre la France et la Grande-Bretagne, pays de steppes traversé par l’Euphrate, la Syrie a connu de nombreux coups d’États depuis son indépendance en 1946. Mosaïque ethnique et religieuse attachée à ses traditions, elle vit essentiellement de ses revenus pétroliers, en baisse constante. Stabilisé depuis 1970 mais subissant le régime autoritaire et répressif des Assad, le pays prend part aux vagues de contestation qui secouent le monde arabe à partir de 2011. La répression sanglante des manifestations pacifiques contribue à la transformation de la révolte syrienne en lutte armée. Aujourd’hui, l’avenir de la Syrie reste incertain et le conflit s’internationalise : Russie et Iran aux côtés de Bachar al-Assad, Qatar et Arabie Saoudite appuyant les islamistes tentant de récupérer le mouvement populaire, Occidentaux indécis. La démocratie sera-t-elle possible après ce conflit qui risque d’embraser tout le Moyen-Orient ?

Syrie --- Civilisation --- Histoire --- Politique et gouvernement --- Conditions sociales --- Relations extérieures --- Syria --- Civilization --- Foreign relations --- History --- Politics and government --- Social conditions --- 20th century --- 21st century --- Syrie - Civilisation --- Syrie - Histoire --- Syrie - Politique et gouvernement - 2000 --- -Syrie - Conditions sociales - 1971-2000 --- Syrie - Relations extérieures - 1971 --- -Syria - Civilization --- Syria - Foreign relations - 1971 --- -Syria - History --- Syria - Politics and government - 2000 --- -Syria - Social conditions - 1971-2000