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This book introduces readers to intestinal and epidermal barriers, and to toxicity induction of environmental toxicants or stresses in the intestine, epidermis, neurons, muscle, and reproductive organs in Caenorhabditis elegans. In addition, it discusses the protective responses of various organs and nematodes’ avoidance behaviour with regard to environmental toxicants or stresses. The intestinal, epidermal, neuronal, and germline signalling pathways required for the regulation of toxicity of environmental toxicants or stresses are also introduced and discussed. As a classic model animal with well-described genetic and developmental backgrounds, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been successfully and widely used in both toxicity assessments and toxicological studies on various environmental toxicants and stresses. Once exposure to certain environmental toxicants has occurred, the toxicants can enter into the primary targeted organs (such as intestinal cells), and even be translocated into secondary targeted organs (such as reproductive organs and neurons). Based on related available data, this book provides a systematic understanding of target organ toxicology in C. elegans.

Toxicology. --- Cytology. --- Invertebrates. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Cell Biology. --- Target organs (Anatomy) --- Organs (Anatomy) --- Drug targeting

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Drug targeting. --- Nanomedicine. --- Medicine --- Nanotechnology --- Drugs --- Site-specific drug delivery --- Targeting of drugs --- Target organs (Anatomy) --- Targeting --- Dosage forms

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Cancer --- Drug targeting. --- Drugs --- Site-specific drug delivery --- Targeting of drugs --- Target organs (Anatomy) --- Antineoplastic agents --- Chemotherapy. --- Targeting --- Dosage forms --- Treatment

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From its introduction, oncological chemotherapy has been encumbered by its poor selectivity because most antiproliferative drugs are toxic not only to tumor cells but also to important populations of the body’s non-neoplastic cells. The resultant problems with unwanted side effects are compounded by difficulties in predicting the desired effectivity of chemotherapy in individual patients. This unsatisfactory situation has driven intensive research and development towards more specific and less toxic anticancer drugs over the last few decades. Several results of these efforts have reached the clinic and an even greater number are now in preclinical testing. Common to all these targeted therapies is their interaction with defined molecules present on cancer cells, which adds various degrees of increased selectivity to their toxic effects. As a consequence, detecting the target molecule on tumors before therapy holds great diagnostic potential for predicting the efficacy of the drug and personalizing therapy. This book aims to present translational scientists and clinicians with an integrated critical view on the theories, mechanisms, problems and pitfalls of the targeted therapy approach.

Cancer --- Drug targeting. --- Chemotherapy. --- Drugs --- Site-specific drug delivery --- Targeting of drugs --- Target organs (Anatomy) --- Antineoplastic agents --- Targeting --- Dosage forms --- Treatment --- Oncology  . --- Oncology. --- Cancer Research. --- Tumors --- Cancer research. --- Cancer research

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Since the year 2000, exciting developments in cancer therapy have occurred. For decades in the 20th century, the hallmark of medical treatment for cancer had been cytotoxic chemotherapy, with drugs targeting rapidly dividing cells, including cancer cells but also certain normal tissues. As a result, many patients experienced the ""classic"" toxicities of alopecia, gastrointestinal symptoms and/or myelosuppression. In the last years, however, clinical research has been strongly occupied with the identification of mutations and aberrations concerning molecular pathways in cancer and their altera

Cancer --- Treatment --- Drug targeting. --- Antineoplastic agents. --- Anticancer agents --- Antineoplastic drugs --- Antineoplastics --- Antitumor agents --- Antitumor drugs --- Cytotoxic drugs --- Inhibitors, Neoplasm --- Neoplasm inhibitors --- Drugs --- Site-specific drug delivery --- Targeting of drugs --- Target organs (Anatomy) --- Antineoplastic agents --- Chemotherapy. --- Chemotherapy --- Targeting --- Dosage forms