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This document provides guidelines for applying audio tones over voice grade channels for power system relaying. Included are sections on transmitting and receiving equipment, leased voice grade channels, application principles, installation, and testing. The primary purpose of this document is to guide the power system user in applying, installing, and operating audio-tone protective relaying systems over voice grade channels. Secondly, it is to provide a reference for equipment manufacturers engaged in the design and application of relaying equipment and for telephone personnel engaged in providing telecommunications channels for audio-tone protective relay schemes.

Protective relays --- Telephone communication channels --- Standards.

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Mobile Channel Characteristics introduces the principal transmission phenomena of mobile and personal communication - the ones that affect design of modems, channel simulators, smart antennas, and other system components at the physical level. It is designed to be accessible to senior undergraduates, as well as graduate students and working engineers. The treatment parallels mathematical derivations with intuitive explanations and simple approximations in order to develop the reader's understanding of the phenomena. Because of this strong tutorial flavor, the text is also suitable for those entering the area from a different academic discipline. Mobile Channel Characteristics was conceived and written as an interactive text to be viewed on a computer screen. It includes many features not found in conventional texts: The entire text resides on your hard drive. It is always ready, just a mouse-click away; It is a live document. Try different parameter values, and the equations, tables and graphs recalculate as you watch. Animated graphics illustrate dynamics of the channel. Explore propagation, modulation or system models interactively to gain additional insight; The examples and appendices are `tear-off design sheets'. You can use their programs on the job or in your thesis to speed up your work; It links you to the world. Hyperlinks connect you to websites of cited authors, to online research journals, and to employers and graduate schools, all through the Internet. Mobile Channel Characteristics includes working programs for three different methods of channel gain generation for fading channel simulation, as well as working programs to illustrate their use. Mobile Channel Characteristics is an essential reference tool for practising engineers, researchers, academics, and students. It is a self-study text equally suited for classroom use.

Mobile communication systems --- Telephone communication channels --- Radio --- Radiocommunications mobiles --- Voies téléphoniques --- Transmitters and transmission --- Fading --- Emetteurs et transmission --- EPUB-LIV-FT SPRINGER-B --- Telephone communication channels. --- Fading. --- Engineering. --- Electrical engineering. --- Electrical Engineering. --- Signal, Image and Speech Processing. --- Mobile communication systems. --- Computer engineering. --- Signal processing. --- Image processing. --- Speech processing systems. --- Computational linguistics --- Electronic systems --- Information theory --- Modulation theory --- Oral communication --- Speech --- Telecommunication --- Singing voice synthesizers --- Pictorial data processing --- Picture processing --- Processing, Image --- Imaging systems --- Optical data processing --- Processing, Signal --- Information measurement --- Signal theory (Telecommunication) --- Electric engineering --- Engineering