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Pantheism is the idea that God and the world are identical--that the creator, sustainer, destroyer, and transformer of all things is the universe itself. From a monotheistic perspective, this notion is irremediably heretical since it suggests divinity might be material, mutable, and multiple. Since the excommunication of Baruch Spinoza, Western thought has therefore demonized what it calls pantheism, accusing it of incoherence, absurdity, and--with striking regularity--monstrosity. In this book, Mary-Jane Rubenstein investigates this perennial repugnance through a conceptual genealogy of pantheisms. What makes pantheism "monstrous"--at once repellent and seductive--is that it scrambles the raced and gendered distinctions that Western philosophy and theology insist on drawing between activity and passivity, spirit and matter, animacy and inanimacy, and creator and created. By rejecting the fundamental difference between God and world, pantheism threatens all the other oppositions that stem from it: light versus darkness, male versus female, and humans versus every other organism. If the panic over pantheism has to do with a fear of crossed boundaries and demolished hierarchies, then the question becomes what a present-day pantheism might disrupt and what it might reconfigure. Cobbling together heterogeneous sources--medieval heresies, their pre- and anti-Socratic forebears, general relativity, quantum mechanics, nonlinear biologies, multiverse and indigenous cosmologies, ecofeminism, animal and vegetal studies, and new and old materialisms--Rubenstein assembles possible pluralist pantheisms. By mobilizing this monstrous mixture of unintentional God-worlds, Pantheologies gives an old heresy the chance to renew our thinking.

Pantheism --- Religion --- Philosophy --- Panentheism --- 212 --- 212 Pantheisme (theodicee) --- 212 Pantheïsme (theodicee) --- Pantheisme (theodicee) --- Pantheïsme (theodicee)

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Dieu --- Mal --- Théodicée

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Assuming that there is an all-powerful, all-knowing, perfectly good God who seeks a loving relationship with all humans, it is puzzling that certain people experience that God seems to hide. It is often argued that this fact of ‘divine hiding’ renders it improbable that God exists. In this study, Francis Jonbäck defends the view that it would not be surprising if divine hiding were necessary to realise greater goods or to avoid worse evils that are beyond our ken, in which case one is not justified in saying that divine hiding renders it improbable that God exists. He goes on to argue that it is difficult to explain why God hides and that – although believers do not have a probabilistic problem with believing in a God who seems to hide there might be an existential or practical problem, in particular for non-believers, when seeking a God who seems to hide.

21 --- 21 Theodicee. Natuurlijke godsleer. Natuurlijke theologie --- 21 Theodicee. Theologie naturelle --- Theodicee. Natuurlijke godsleer. Natuurlijke theologie --- Theodicee. Theologie naturelle

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L'analogie organise tout le discours de la foi chrétienne. Il s'agit en effet, à chaque fois, pour un être humain de parler de Dieu selon un rapport entre le créateur et la créature toujours présupposé. Naissent de cette nécessité de nombreux différends entre les théologies à travers l'histoire de la pensée chrétienne. Ce livre établit qu'en fonction de l'analogie utilisée le discours sur Dieu prend une option dont les débats qu'elle suscite sont trop peu conscients pour pouvoir dépasser les malentendus ou les apories. A côté de l'analogie de l'être si âprement débattue et avec celle de la liberté, la théologie contemporaine a élaboré une analogie relationnelle conforme aux relations intra-trinitaires saisies à partir de l'économie. Une ontologie trinitaire s'est ainsi progressivement constituée soucieuse de ne pas laisser la différence ontologique heideggérienne annuler l'analogie de l'être. Dans cet effort intellectuel de transcrire en théologie la métaphysique de l'être, la qualification de l'analogie a elle-même subi une profonde modification qu'expriment de manière différenciée les théologies examinées dans ce livre.

C1 --- theologie --- geloofsleer --- Kerken en religie --- 219 --- 219 Analogieën. Antropomorfisme (theodicee) --- 219 Analogies. Correspondances. Anthropomorphisme (theodicee) --- Analogieën. Antropomorfisme (theodicee) --- Analogies. Correspondances. Anthropomorphisme (theodicee)

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Theodicy --- God --- Creation --- Théodicée --- Dieu --- Création