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Modern metallic materials are used extensively in a wide variety of applications, some of which are quite obvious (vehicles, cables, buildings and packaging) and others perhaps less so as in the critical structures of planes, skyscrapers, micro-electronic devises, nuclear and other energy plants. Many of the alloys used for these applications have undergone major transformations over the last 20 years. These transformations have been implemented to improve the material performances at minimum cost to the user. In many cases, if not most, they have resulted from advances in Thermo-Mechanical Pr

Metals --- Metalworking industries. --- Thermomechanical treatment. --- Metal trade --- Manufacturing industries --- Thermomechanical processing of metals --- Thermomechanical strengthening of metals --- Thermomechanical treatment of metals --- Strain hardening --- Heat treatment

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The rapid technological developments during the later half of the 20th century have demanded materials that are stronger, capable of use at much higher temperatures, more corrosion-resistant, and much less expensive than those currently used. These demands become even more significant on the threshold of the new century and the millennium. Significant improvements in properties can only be achieved by processing the materials under far-from-equilibrium (or non-equilibrium) conditions. Several new processing technologies have been developed during the past few decades including, rapid solidifi

Metals --- -Metals --- -Nonequilibrium thermodynamics --- Phase rule and equilibrium --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Critical phenomena (Physics) --- Equilibrium --- Chemical equilibrium --- Chemical systems --- Critical point --- Irreversible thermodynamics --- Non-equilibrium thermodynamics --- Thermodynamics of the steady state --- Irreversible processes --- Thermodynamics --- Metallic elements --- Chemical elements --- Ores --- Metallurgy --- Rapid solidification processing --- Thermomechanical treatment --- Nonequilibrium thermodynamics. --- Phase rule and equilibrium. --- Rapid solidification processing. --- Thermomechanical treatment. --- Nonequilibrium thermodynamics --- Thermomechanical processing of metals --- Thermomechanical strengthening of metals --- Thermomechanical treatment of metals --- Strain hardening --- Rapid quenching processing of metals --- Rapid solidification processing of metals --- Founding --- Liquid metals --- Solidification --- Heat treatment --- Quenching