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Arithmetic and Geometry presents highlights of recent work in arithmetic algebraic geometry by some of the world's leading mathematicians. Together, these 2016 lectures-which were delivered in celebration of the tenth anniversary of the annual summer workshops in Alpbach, Austria-provide an introduction to high-level research on three topics: Shimura varieties, hyperelliptic continued fractions and generalized Jacobians, and Faltings height and L-functions. The book consists of notes, written by young researchers, on three sets of lectures or minicourses given at Alpbach.The first course, taught by Peter Scholze, contains his recent results dealing with the local Langlands conjecture. The fundamental question is whether for a given datum there exists a so-called local Shimura variety. In some cases, they exist in the category of rigid analytic spaces; in others, one has to use Scholze's perfectoid spaces.The second course, taught by Umberto Zannier, addresses the famous Pell equation-not in the classical setting but rather with the so-called polynomial Pell equation, where the integers are replaced by polynomials in one variable with complex coefficients, which leads to the study of hyperelliptic continued fractions and generalized Jacobians.The third course, taught by Shou-Wu Zhang, originates in the Chowla-Selberg formula, which was taken up by Gross and Zagier to relate values of the L-function for elliptic curves with the height of Heegner points on the curves. Zhang, X. Yuan, and Wei Zhang prove the Gross-Zagier formula on Shimura curves and verify the Colmez conjecture on average.

Arithmetical algebraic geometry. --- Algebraic geometry, Arithmetical --- Arithmetic algebraic geometry --- Diophantine geometry --- Geometry, Arithmetical algebraic --- Geometry, Diophantine --- Number theory --- Abelian variety. --- Algebraic geometry. --- Algebraic independence. --- Algebraic space. --- Analytic number theory. --- Arbitrarily large. --- Automorphic form. --- Automorphism. --- Base change. --- Big O notation. --- Class number formula. --- Cohomology. --- Complex multiplication. --- Computation. --- Conjecture. --- Conjugacy class. --- Continued fraction. --- Cusp form. --- Diagram (category theory). --- Dimension. --- Diophantine equation. --- Diophantine geometry. --- Discriminant. --- Divisible group. --- Double coset. --- Eisenstein series. --- Endomorphism. --- Equation. --- Existential quantification. --- Exponential map (Riemannian geometry). --- Fiber bundle. --- Floor and ceiling functions. --- Formal group. --- Formal power series. --- Formal scheme. --- Fundamental group. --- Geometric Langlands correspondence. --- Geometry. --- Heegner point. --- Hodge structure. --- Hodge theory. --- Homomorphism. --- I0. --- Integer. --- Intersection number. --- Irreducible component. --- Isogeny. --- Isomorphism class. --- Jacobian variety. --- L-function. --- Langlands dual group. --- Laurent series. --- Linear combination. --- Local system. --- Logarithmic derivative. --- Logarithmic form. --- Mathematics. --- Modular form. --- Moduli space. --- Monotonic function. --- Natural topology. --- P-adic analysis. --- P-adic number. --- Pell's equation. --- Perverse sheaf. --- Polylogarithm. --- Polynomial. --- Power series. --- Presheaf (category theory). --- Prime number. --- Projective space. --- Quaternion algebra. --- Rational point. --- Real number. --- Reductive group. --- Rigid analytic space. --- Roth's theorem. --- Series expansion. --- Shafarevich conjecture. --- Sheaf (mathematics). --- Shimura variety. --- Siegel zero. --- Special case. --- Stack (mathematics). --- Subset. --- Summation. --- Szpiro's conjecture. --- Tate conjecture. --- Tate module. --- Taylor series. --- Theorem. --- Theta function. --- Topological ring. --- Topology. --- Torsor (algebraic geometry). --- Upper and lower bounds. --- Vector bundle. --- Weil group. --- Witt vector. --- Zariski topology.

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One of the most important mathematical achievements of the past several decades has been A. Grothendieck's work on algebraic geometry. In the early 1960s, he and M. Artin introduced étale cohomology in order to extend the methods of sheaf-theoretic cohomology from complex varieties to more general schemes. This work found many applications, not only in algebraic geometry, but also in several different branches of number theory and in the representation theory of finite and p-adic groups. Yet until now, the work has been available only in the original massive and difficult papers. In order to provide an accessible introduction to étale cohomology, J. S. Milne offers this more elementary account covering the essential features of the theory. The author begins with a review of the basic properties of flat and étale morphisms and of the algebraic fundamental group. The next two chapters concern the basic theory of étale sheaves and elementary étale cohomology, and are followed by an application of the cohomology to the study of the Brauer group. After a detailed analysis of the cohomology of curves and surfaces, Professor Milne proves the fundamental theorems in étale cohomology -- those of base change, purity, Poincaré duality, and the Lefschetz trace formula. He then applies these theorems to show the rationality of some very general L-series.Originally published in 1980.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Ordered algebraic structures --- 512.73 --- 512.66 --- Geometry, Algebraic --- Homology theory --- Sheaf theory --- Cohomology, Sheaf --- Sheaf cohomology --- Sheaves, Theory of --- Sheaves (Algebraic topology) --- Algebraic topology --- Cohomology theory --- Contrahomology theory --- Algebraic geometry --- Geometry --- Cohomology theory of algebraic varieties and schemes --- Homological algebra --- Geometry, Algebraic. --- Homology theory. --- Sheaf theory. --- 512.66 Homological algebra --- 512.73 Cohomology theory of algebraic varieties and schemes --- Abelian category. --- Abelian group. --- Adjoint functors. --- Affine variety. --- Alexander Grothendieck. --- Algebraic closure. --- Algebraic cycle. --- Algebraic equation. --- Algebraic space. --- Algebraically closed field. --- Artinian. --- Automorphism. --- Base change. --- Brauer group. --- CW complex. --- Cardinal number. --- Category of sets. --- Central simple algebra. --- Chow's lemma. --- Closed immersion. --- Codimension. --- Cohomology ring. --- Cohomology. --- Cokernel. --- Commutative diagram. --- Complex number. --- Dedekind domain. --- Derived category. --- Diagram (category theory). --- Direct limit. --- Discrete valuation ring. --- Divisor. --- Epimorphism. --- Equivalence class. --- Existential quantification. --- Fibration. --- Field of fractions. --- Fine topology (potential theory). --- Finite field. --- Finite morphism. --- Flat morphism. --- Functor. --- Fundamental class. --- Fundamental group. --- G-module. --- Galois cohomology. --- Galois extension. --- Galois group. --- Generic point. --- Group scheme. --- Gysin sequence. --- Henselian ring. --- Identity element. --- Inclusion map. --- Integral domain. --- Intersection (set theory). --- Inverse limit. --- Invertible sheaf. --- Isomorphism class. --- Lefschetz pencil. --- Local ring. --- Maximal ideal. --- Module (mathematics). --- Morphism of schemes. --- Morphism. --- Noetherian. --- Open set. --- Power series. --- Presheaf (category theory). --- Prime ideal. --- Prime number. --- Principal homogeneous space. --- Profinite group. --- Projection (mathematics). --- Projective variety. --- Quasi-compact morphism. --- Residue field. --- Riemann surface. --- Sheaf (mathematics). --- Sheaf of modules. --- Special case. --- Spectral sequence. --- Stein factorization. --- Subalgebra. --- Subcategory. --- Subgroup. --- Subring. --- Subset. --- Surjective function. --- Tangent space. --- Theorem. --- Topological space. --- Topology. --- Torsion sheaf. --- Torsor (algebraic geometry). --- Vector bundle. --- Weil conjecture. --- Yoneda lemma. --- Zariski topology. --- Zariski's main theorem. --- Geometrie algebrique --- Cohomologie