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Global Production is the first book to provide a fully comprehensive overview of the complicated issues facing multinational companies and their global sourcing strategies. Few international trade transactions today are based on the exchange of finished goods; rather, the majority of transactions are dominated by sales of individual components and intermediary services. Many firms organize global production around offshoring parts, components, and services to producers in distant countries, and contracts are drawn up specific to the parties and distinct legal systems involved. Pol Antràs examines the contractual frictions that arise in the international system of production and how these frictions influence the world economy.Antràs discusses the inevitable complications that develop in contract negotiation and execution. He provides a unified framework that sheds light on the factors helping global firms determine production locations and other organizational choices. Antràs also implements a series of systematic empirical tests, based on recent data from the U.S. Customs and Census Offices, which demonstrate the relevance of contractual factors in global production decisions.Using an integrated approach, Global Production is an excellent resource for researchers, graduate students, and advanced undergraduates interested in the inner workings of international economics and trade.

Production (Economic theory) --- Foreign trade regulation. --- Supply and demand. --- International trade. --- Melitz model. --- U.S. imports. --- contract enforcement. --- contracting assumptions. --- contracting considerations. --- contracting institutions. --- contracting. --- contracts. --- contractual frictions. --- contractual incompleteness. --- contractual relationships. --- cross-industry variation. --- empirical literature. --- empirical tests. --- export behavior. --- firms. --- global production networks. --- global production. --- global sourcing model. --- global sourcing. --- globalization. --- imperfect-contracting variants. --- internalization theories. --- internalization. --- international economics. --- international trade flows. --- international trade. --- legal systems. --- model-based empirical tests. --- modern workhorse models. --- multinational companies. --- offshoring decisions. --- offshoring. --- production processes. --- property-rights approach. --- property-rights theory. --- transaction-cost approach. --- transaction-cost model. --- transaction-cost theory. --- two-country model. --- value chain. --- vertical integration. --- weak contract enforcement. --- workhorse models. --- world economy.

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Le périmètre de remembrement urbain (PRU) est un outil d’aménagement wallon mis en place en juin 2006. Il a été créé dans la philosophie de l’urbanisme de projet, dans un contexte de reconstruction de la ville sur la ville. Ses objectifs sont de favoriser le renouvellement urbain et de simplifier les procédures administratives. Les premières recherches sur l’outil ont démontré que, dans les faits, l’utilisation du PRU ne semble pas aussi efficace qu’espéré pour réduire les coûts de transaction (délais) d’une opération de remembrement urbain. De plus, elles ont mis en évidence deux formes d’appropriation de l’outil par les acteurs : une stratégie proactive et une stratégie d’opportunité. La mission de ce mémoire est de vérifier les conclusions des premières recherches dans le domaine, ainsi que de faire un bilan plus global de l’outil au moment même où le Code actuel de l’Aménagement (CWATUP) est appelé à être remplacé par le Code du Développement Territorial (CoDT). La méthodologie suivie comprend une analyse des dossiers de PRU approuvés et des entretiens auprès de témoins privilégiés. Les résultats confirment les premières conclusions en terme de réduction des délais et montrent l’apparition d’une nouvelle stratégie d’appropriation. En outre, il est apparu au cours de la recherche que l’utilisation de l’outil PRU semble avoir été compromise depuis quelques années, suite à une prise de position de la jurisprudence. Des propositions d’amélioration de l’outil sont émises en fin de travail.

urbanisme --- urbain --- remembrement --- PRU --- aménagement --- coûts de transaction --- délais --- gouvernance --- Wallonie --- procédure --- renouvellement urbain --- projet --- permis --- jurisprudence --- urban --- planning --- remembrement --- transaction cost --- delays --- Wallonia --- procedure --- urban renewal --- project --- permit --- jurisprudence --- Sciences sociales & comportementales, psychologie > Géographie humaine & démographie --- Sciences sociales & comportementales, psychologie > Etudes régionales & interrégionales --- Droit, criminologie & sciences politiques > Sciences politiques, administration publique & relations internationales

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Interest in access to finance has increased significantly in recent years, as growing evidence suggests that lack of access to credit prevents lower-income households and small firms from financing high return investment projects, having an adverse effect on growth and poverty alleviation. This study describes some recent innovative experiences to broaden access to credit. These experiences are consistent with an emerging new view that recognizes a limited role for the public sector in financial markets, but contends that there might be room for well-designed, restricted interventions in collaboration with the private sector to foster financial development and broaden access. The authors illustrate this view with several recent experiences in Latin America and then discuss some open policy questions about the role of the public and private sectors in driving these financial innovations.

Access to Finance --- Banks and Banking Reform --- Credit Guarantee --- Debt Markets --- Emerging Markets --- Environment --- Environmental Economics and Policies --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial development --- Financial markets --- International Bank --- Investment projects --- Market Infrastructure --- Private Sector Development --- Public banks --- Return --- Transaction --- Transaction Cost

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The Efficient Market Hypothesis believes that it is impossible for an investor to outperform the market because all available information is already built into stock prices. However, some anomalies could persist in stock markets while some other anomalies could appear, disappear and re-appear again without any warning. A Special Issue on "Efficiency and Anomalies in Stock Markets" will be devoted to advancements in the theoretical development of market efficiency and anomaly in the Stock Market, as well as applications in Stock Market efficiency and anomalies.

Development economics & emerging economies --- stochastic dominance --- Omega ratio --- risk averters --- risk seekers --- utility maximization --- market efficiency --- anomaly --- emerging markets --- KSE Pakistan --- three-factor model --- size and value premiums --- future economic growth --- liquidity proxy --- emerging market --- transaction cost --- price impact --- efficient market --- economic policy uncertainty --- random walk --- news --- Asian market --- G7 market --- real exchange rate --- volatility --- financial development --- economic growth --- Put–Call Ratio --- volume --- open interest --- frequency-domain roiling causality --- convertible bond --- financial constraints --- stock performance --- Autoregressive Model --- non-Gaussian error --- realized volatility --- Threshold Autoregressive Model --- value premium --- technical analysis --- moving average --- China stock market --- stock market --- finance --- applications --- EMH --- anomalies --- Behavioral Finance --- Winner–Loser Effect --- Momentum Effect --- calendar anomalies --- BM effect --- the size effect --- Disposition Effect --- Equity Premium Puzzle --- herd effect --- ostrich effect --- bubbles --- trading rules --- overconfidence --- utility --- portfolio selection --- portfolio optimization --- risk measures --- performance measures --- indifference curves --- two-moment decision models --- dynamic models --- diversification --- behavioral models --- unit root --- cointegration --- causality --- nonlinearity --- covariance --- copulas --- robust estimation --- anchoring

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"This book describes the social life of five material things found in the streets and public spaces of New York City and its suburbs. In urban environments, objects-designed and built by other humans-surround us at all times and typically occupy our field of vision. These objects, Mike Owen Benediktsson writes, have ideas about us-for example, the chair in which you sit has assumptions about your height and weight, the length of your legs, and the width of your torso, as well as ideas about how you should sit. In this book, each of the five artifacts explored - a lawn, a wall, a chair, a door, and a kiosk - has a story to tell about the social and economic changes sweeping through New York City and its environs. Each of these stories illustrates an important but widely unappreciated fact of urban life - that the ordinary objects and spaces of the city are a primary point of contact with the broader social and political currents that swirl around us. A newly built lawn on the Brooklyn waterfront reflects an increasingly common trade-off between public goods and market forces. A low cement wall on a divided highway in New Jersey speaks of escalating suburban poverty and the demise of the post-war American dream. A metal folding chair on a patch of asphalt in Queens illustrates the political obstacles that face attempts to make the city more liveable and environmentally sustainable. Drawing from these and other examples, Benediktsson argues that our social lives occurs "in the midst of things" in two respects: we are, quite literally, surrounded by objects that constrain and shape our experience; and, through this experience, we come into direct contact with a much larger set of "things" - ideas, laws, markets, policies, etc. - that together constitute the broader ongoing narrative of urban change"--

Sociology, Urban --- Sociology, Urban. --- Accessibility. --- Actuator. --- Adaptation. --- Affordance. --- Agency (philosophy). --- Aisle. --- Amplitude. --- Anecdote. --- Ask price. --- Behavior modification. --- Behavior. --- Bottle. --- Clothing. --- Commodity. --- Consciousness. --- Consideration. --- Costumed character. --- Counterweight. --- Customer. --- Design. --- Designer. --- Desire. --- Door. --- Effectiveness. --- Elitism. --- Emerging technologies. --- Emotion. --- Entitlement. --- Entryway. --- Etiquette. --- Exchange of information. --- Explanation. --- Functional requirement. --- Funding. --- Gathering place. --- Government agency. --- Human Action. --- Human behavior. --- Human body. --- Hurrying. --- Iconography. --- Illustration. --- Inference. --- Infrastructure. --- Ingredient. --- Institution. --- Interaction. --- Interconnection. --- Interpersonal relationship. --- Irony. --- Jargon. --- Leeway. --- Lobbying. --- Make A Difference. --- Marketing. --- Metropolitan area. --- Morality. --- Motor vehicle. --- Negotiation. --- Obstacle. --- Of Human Action. --- Organization. --- Outreach. --- Ownership. --- Parameter. --- Pedestrian. --- Personalization. --- Planning. --- Point of sale. --- Project. --- Public infrastructure. --- Public space. --- Quantity. --- Recreation. --- Regimen. --- Reinforcement. --- Result. --- Saleh. --- Schematic. --- Self-image. --- Shortage. --- Sightline. --- Signage. --- Simulacrum. --- Social cognition. --- Social space. --- Social structure. --- Society. --- Supply chain. --- Supporter. --- Target audience. --- Technology. --- Telecommunication. --- Theory. --- Trade-off. --- Transaction cost. --- Trapping. --- Travel. --- Use value. --- Vendor.