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L'amélioration des conditions de vie dans les favelas est un sujet majeur des politiques publiques brésiliennes. Dans ce pays, des innovations juridiques ont été mises en place, notamment dans la Constitution (1988), puis dans la loi sur le Statut de la Ville (2001). Ainsi, la prescription acquisitive (usucapion) permet de formaliser les occupations du sol. Elle permet aussi d'accorder des titres de propriété collectifs, ce qui en fait un « commun » foncier.Ce papier étudie le cas d'habitants d'un quartier de Rio de Janeiro, qui étaient menacés d'expulsion, et ont eu recours à la prescription acquisitive, avec l'aide de fondations et d'associations. Il interroge à la fois les modalités de gestion commune, et les relations entre les organisations de la société civile et les habitants via l'assistance technique.
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This paper questions the presumption that transferable quota licenses are worth more and result in higher welfare. We show that the price of a transferable license will tend to be higher than that of its nontransferable counterpart only if the underlying quota is quite restrictive. Despite this, if consumer surplus and license revenue have equal weight in the welfare function, transferability is preferable to nontransferability. If their weights are unequal, then the comparison could go either way. We also show that increased uncertainty, in the form of a mean preserving spread, does not affect the license price under nontransferability and could raise or lower the level of the license price with transferability depending on the restrictiveness of the quota.
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Property. --- Property. --- Transfer (Law). --- Transfer (Law).
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Sales --- Transfer (Law) --- Vente --- Droit
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Intangible property --- Sale --- Transfer (Law)
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