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Recent research suggests that isolation from regional and international markets has contributed significantly to poverty in many Sub-Saharan African countries. Numerous empirical studies identify poor transport infrastructure and border restrictions as significant deterrents to trade expansion. In response, the African Development Bank has proposed an integrated network of functional roads for the subcontinent. Drawing on new econometric results, the authors quantify the trade-expansion potential and costs of such a network. They use spatial network analysis techniques to identify a network of primary roads connecting all Sub-Saharan capitals and other cities with populations over 500,000. The authors estimate current overland trade flows in the network using econometrically-estimated gravity model parameters, road transport quality indicators, actual road distances, and estimates of economic scale for cities in the network. Then they simulate the effect of feasible continental upgrading by setting network transport quality at a level that is functional, but less highly developed than existing roads in countries like South Africa and Botswana. The authors assess the costs of upgrading with econometric evidence from a large World Bank database of road project costs in Africa. Using a standard approach to forecast error estimation, they derive a range of potential benefits and costs. Their baseline results indicate that continental network upgrading would expand overland trade by about USD 250 billion over 15 years, with major direct and indirect benefits for the rural poor. Financing the program would require about USD 20 billion for initial upgrading and USD 1 billion annually for maintenance. The authors conclude with a discussion of supporting institutional arrangements and the potential cost of implementing them.

Bridge --- Costs --- Heavy Trucks --- High Transport --- Highway --- Infrastructure Development --- Infrastructure Planning --- Initiatives --- Journey --- Road --- Road Network --- Road Transport --- Roads --- Route --- Transport --- Transport Costs --- Transport Economics, Policy and Planning --- Transport Infrastructure --- Transport Policy --- Transport Quality --- Trip

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Most of the 70 billion animals that are farmed in the world are transported at least once in their lives. For improved animal welfare, sustainability, and profitability it is important that everyone involved in the transportation process takes responsibility for doing a good job. This may require legislation and assurance schemes backed up by inspections and driven by consumer awareness and demand. All aspects of the transportation process, including preparation for transport, handling during loading and unloading, handler and driver training, stocking density on the transport container, journey length, and weather have an effect on animal welfare, meat quality, health after transport, and even mortality during transit. These topics are covered in the papers and reviews in this book together with related aspects such as consumer perceptions of animal transport, cleaning of transport coops, and consideration of on-farm slaughter to obviate the need for transport to an abattoir. The book adds to the knowledge of farm animal transport and highlights areas for future research and improved practice.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Animals & society --- carcass bruises --- cattle transport --- animal welfare --- extensive production system --- welfare --- cattle --- swine --- lameness --- at risk cattle --- bovine respiratory disease --- broiler --- catching --- pre-slaughter chain --- poultry --- wing fractures --- livestock --- transport --- control post --- health --- heat stress --- mortality --- physiology --- sheep --- sea transport --- stress --- beef calves --- fasting --- marketing --- live export --- trucks --- road transport --- consumer perception --- Australia --- pigs --- local breed --- Apulo-Calabrese --- short distance --- blood parameters --- meat quality --- pullet --- stress parameter --- corticosterone metabolite --- cleaning and disinfection --- biosecurity --- food safety --- transportation coops --- environment --- transport quality --- temperature --- THI --- ventilation --- bedding --- boarding --- misting --- qualitative behavioural assessment --- QBA --- behaviour --- Mobile Poultry Processing Unit --- pastured poultry production --- economic efficiency --- broiler transport --- thermal micro-environment

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Most of the 70 billion animals that are farmed in the world are transported at least once in their lives. For improved animal welfare, sustainability, and profitability it is important that everyone involved in the transportation process takes responsibility for doing a good job. This may require legislation and assurance schemes backed up by inspections and driven by consumer awareness and demand. All aspects of the transportation process, including preparation for transport, handling during loading and unloading, handler and driver training, stocking density on the transport container, journey length, and weather have an effect on animal welfare, meat quality, health after transport, and even mortality during transit. These topics are covered in the papers and reviews in this book together with related aspects such as consumer perceptions of animal transport, cleaning of transport coops, and consideration of on-farm slaughter to obviate the need for transport to an abattoir. The book adds to the knowledge of farm animal transport and highlights areas for future research and improved practice.

carcass bruises --- cattle transport --- animal welfare --- extensive production system --- welfare --- cattle --- swine --- lameness --- at risk cattle --- bovine respiratory disease --- broiler --- catching --- pre-slaughter chain --- poultry --- wing fractures --- livestock --- transport --- control post --- health --- heat stress --- mortality --- physiology --- sheep --- sea transport --- stress --- beef calves --- fasting --- marketing --- live export --- trucks --- road transport --- consumer perception --- Australia --- pigs --- local breed --- Apulo-Calabrese --- short distance --- blood parameters --- meat quality --- pullet --- stress parameter --- corticosterone metabolite --- cleaning and disinfection --- biosecurity --- food safety --- transportation coops --- environment --- transport quality --- temperature --- THI --- ventilation --- bedding --- boarding --- misting --- qualitative behavioural assessment --- QBA --- behaviour --- Mobile Poultry Processing Unit --- pastured poultry production --- economic efficiency --- broiler transport --- thermal micro-environment