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Health Costs and Benefits of DDT use in Malaria Control and Prevention
Authors: --- --- ---
Year: 2012 Publisher: Washington, D.C., The World Bank,

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Abstract

The Millennium Development Goal of achieving near-zero malaria deaths by 2015 has led to a re-examination of wider use of DDT (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane) in indoor residual spraying as a prevention tool in many countries. However, the use of DDT raises concerns of potential harm to the environment and human health, mainly because of the persistent and bio-accumulative nature of DDT and its potential to magnify through the food chain. This paper quantifies the adverse effects of DDT on human health based on treatment costs and indirect costs caused by illnesses and death in countries that use or are expected to re-introduce DDT in their disease vector control programs. At the global level where the total population exposed to DDT is estimated around 1.25 billion, the findings indicate that while the use of DDT can lead to a significant reduction in the estimated USD 69 billion in 2010 U.S. dollars economic loss caused by malaria, it can also add more than USD 28 billion a year in costs from the resulting adverse health effects. At the country level, the results suggest that Sub-Saharan African countries with high malaria incidence rates are likely to see relatively larger net benefits from the use of DDT in malaria control. The net health benefits of reintroducing DDT in malaria control programs could be better understood by weighing the costs and benefits of DDT use based on a country's circumstances.


Book
Municipal Wastewater Management
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Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Taking the papers’ collection of this Special Issue as a whole, it is clear that “Municipal Wastewater Management” is an ongoing field of research with the ability to incorporate current environmental and human health challenges. The use of municipal sewage to monitor COVID-19 virus circulation in communities and the estimation of possible outbreaks, even before clinical cases have been identified, is a fact that justifies this. In light of the Coronavirus pandemic, the interest of the impact that research on municipal wastewater management can have on improving humans’ health and protecting the environment is being rethought. In respect to this, there is an essential need for scientific publications that present varieties of case studies and discuss best practices, so as wastewater treatment plants to be seen not only as sites of pollutants removal but also as places where energy is efficiently used and environmental sustainability is being practiced, in close relation to the needs of the community. Viewed in this way, the papers’ collected in this Special Issue are looking forward to reach a broad readership that can gain awareness and understanding of their topics and be stimulated into future research and collaborations that would improve all stakeholders engagement in promoting a sustainable municipal wastewater management.


Periodical
Health care financing review.
Authors: --- ---
ISSN: 01958631 Year: 1979 Publisher: Baltimore Department of health and human services,.

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Keywords

Finance --- Delivery of Health Care --- Financing, Government. --- Health Care Costs. --- Research Support. --- Medical care --- Medical care, Cost of --- Soins médicaux --- economics. --- Periodicals. --- Finances --- Périodiques --- Coût --- United States. --- Medical care, Cost of. --- Gezondheidszorg. --- Financiering. --- Finance. --- Research Support as Topic. --- Grants and Subsidies, Research --- Subsidies, Research --- Research Subsidies --- Research Subsidy --- Subsidy, Research --- Education --- Costs, Medical Care --- Health Costs --- Healthcare Costs --- Medical Care Costs --- Treatment Costs --- Cost, Health --- Cost, Health Care --- Cost, Healthcare --- Cost, Medical Care --- Cost, Treatment --- Costs, Health --- Costs, Health Care --- Costs, Healthcare --- Costs, Treatment --- Health Care Cost --- Health Cost --- Healthcare Cost --- Medical Care Cost --- Treatment Cost --- Health Expenditures --- Government Financing --- Federal Aid --- Financing, Public --- Grants and Subsidies, Government --- Hill-Burton Act --- Subsidies, Government --- Act, Hill-Burton --- Aid, Federal --- Aids, Federal --- Federal Aids --- Government Subsidies --- Government Subsidy --- Hill Burton Act --- Public Financing --- Subsidy, Government --- Periodicals --- Health Sciences --- Law --- Social Sciences --- Public health --- Insurance Law --- General and Others --- Public Policy & Administration --- Financing, Government --- Health Care Costs --- Research Support as Topic --- economics


Periodical
International journal of health care finance and economics.
Authors: ---
ISSN: 15736962 Year: 2001 Publisher: The Netherlands : The Netherlands : Kluwer Academic Publishers, Springer Science + Business Media


Periodical
Health economics review.
ISSN: 21911991 Year: 2011 Publisher: Heidelberg : Springer Berlin

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Periodical
Applied health economics and health policy.
ISSN: 11791896 11755652 Year: 2002 Publisher: Auckland, N.Z. : Open Mind Journals Ltd.,

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Keywords

Medical economics --- Medical policy --- Economics, Medical. --- Health Care Costs. --- Health Policy. --- Medical economics. --- Medical policy. --- Gesundheitsökonomik. --- Business, Economy and Management --- Economics --- Health care policy --- Health policy --- Medicine and state --- Policy, Medical --- Public health --- Public health policy --- State and medicine --- Economics, Medical --- Health --- Health economics --- Hygiene --- Medical care --- Medicine --- National Health Policy --- Health Policies --- Health Policies, National --- Health Policy, National --- National Health Policies --- Policies, Health --- Policies, National Health --- Policy, Health --- Policy, National Health --- Costs, Medical Care --- Health Costs --- Healthcare Costs --- Medical Care Costs --- Treatment Costs --- Cost, Health --- Cost, Health Care --- Cost, Healthcare --- Cost, Medical Care --- Cost, Treatment --- Costs, Health --- Costs, Health Care --- Costs, Healthcare --- Costs, Treatment --- Health Care Cost --- Health Cost --- Healthcare Cost --- Medical Care Cost --- Treatment Cost --- Medical Economics --- Political aspects --- Government policy --- Economic aspects --- economics --- Science and state --- Social policy --- Policy Making --- Health Expenditures --- Law and legislation --- Periodicals --- Healthcare Policy --- Healthcare Policies --- Policy, Healthcare --- Health Care Policies --- Care Policies, Health --- Health Care Policy --- Policies, Health Care --- Policies, Healthcare --- Policy, Health Care


Book
Priced out : the economic and ethical costs of American health care
Authors: --- --- ---
ISBN: 0691192618 9780691192611 0691192170 9780691192178 Year: 2019 Publisher: Princeton, New Jersey : Princeton University Press,

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“Uwe Reinhardt was a towering figure and moral conscience of health care policy in the United States and beyond. Famously bipartisan, he advised presidents and Congress on health reform and originated central features of the Affordable Care Act. In Priced Out, Reinhardt offers an engaging and enlightening account of today’s U.S. health care system, explaining why it costs so much more and delivers so much less than the systems of every other advanced country, why this situation is morally indefensible, and how we might improve it. The problem, Reinhardt says, is not one of economics but of social ethics. There is no American political consensus on a fundamental question other countries settled long ago: to what extent should we be our brothers’ and sisters’ keepers when it comes to health care? Drawing on the best evidence, he guides readers through the chaotic, secretive, and inefficient way America finances health care, and he offers a penetrating ethical analysis of recent reform proposals. At this point, he argues, the United States appears to have three stark choices: the government can make the rich help pay for the health care of the poor, ration care by income, or control costs. Reinhardt proposes an alternative path: that by age 26 all Americans must choose either to join an insurance arrangement with community-rated premiums, or take a chance on being uninsured or relying on a health insurance market that charges premiums based on health status. An incisive look at the American health care system, Priced Out dispels the confusion, ignorance, myths, and misinformation that hinder effective reform.” – Publisher’s description.


Book
Municipal Wastewater Management
Author:
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Taking the papers’ collection of this Special Issue as a whole, it is clear that “Municipal Wastewater Management” is an ongoing field of research with the ability to incorporate current environmental and human health challenges. The use of municipal sewage to monitor COVID-19 virus circulation in communities and the estimation of possible outbreaks, even before clinical cases have been identified, is a fact that justifies this. In light of the Coronavirus pandemic, the interest of the impact that research on municipal wastewater management can have on improving humans’ health and protecting the environment is being rethought. In respect to this, there is an essential need for scientific publications that present varieties of case studies and discuss best practices, so as wastewater treatment plants to be seen not only as sites of pollutants removal but also as places where energy is efficiently used and environmental sustainability is being practiced, in close relation to the needs of the community. Viewed in this way, the papers’ collected in this Special Issue are looking forward to reach a broad readership that can gain awareness and understanding of their topics and be stimulated into future research and collaborations that would improve all stakeholders engagement in promoting a sustainable municipal wastewater management.


Book
Municipal Wastewater Management
Author:
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Bookmark

Abstract

Taking the papers’ collection of this Special Issue as a whole, it is clear that “Municipal Wastewater Management” is an ongoing field of research with the ability to incorporate current environmental and human health challenges. The use of municipal sewage to monitor COVID-19 virus circulation in communities and the estimation of possible outbreaks, even before clinical cases have been identified, is a fact that justifies this. In light of the Coronavirus pandemic, the interest of the impact that research on municipal wastewater management can have on improving humans’ health and protecting the environment is being rethought. In respect to this, there is an essential need for scientific publications that present varieties of case studies and discuss best practices, so as wastewater treatment plants to be seen not only as sites of pollutants removal but also as places where energy is efficiently used and environmental sustainability is being practiced, in close relation to the needs of the community. Viewed in this way, the papers’ collected in this Special Issue are looking forward to reach a broad readership that can gain awareness and understanding of their topics and be stimulated into future research and collaborations that would improve all stakeholders engagement in promoting a sustainable municipal wastewater management.

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