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Many documents essential for understanding the development of Soviet labor policies from 1917 to 1921 have been selected, translated, and presented in this volume. It starts with the early months of the revolution, when the utopian slogans of workers' control of industry and the promise of trade-union management of industrial production were the controlling factors in shaping Soviet policy on labor. Chapter 2 traces the gradual introduction of measures of labor compulsion, first in relation to those the Bolsheviks classified as the bourgeoisie and afterwards in relation to the working class. Chapters 3, 4, and 5, the core of the study, tell the story of labor militarization - the new formula that, for the Communists, held the key to solving all economic problems in a socialist state. Chapter 3 presents the theories used to justify the militarization of labor and outlines the institutional framework that kept the system in operation. Chapter 4 deals with the application of this system to different segments of the Russian population. Chapter 5 analyzes compulsory labor in transportation, in which the validity of labor militarization as an institution came most sharply into question. The last chapter, chapter 6, reviews the general crisis of Russian Communism, the repudiation of some of the most oppressive features of that system, and the efforts to reconcile conflicting views within the Communist Party on the role of labor under socialism.

Forced labor. --- Travail force --- Forced labor --- Trockij, Lev D. --- Lenin, Vladimir I. --- Trockij, Lev Davidovič --- Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹič --- Trotsky, Leon, --- Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich, --- Soviet Union. --- Compulsory labor --- Conscript labor --- Labor, Compulsory --- Labor, Forced --- Employees --- Советский Союз --- Ber. ha-M. --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- ZSRR --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Sowieckich --- ZSRS --- Szovjetunió --- TSRS --- Tarybų Socialistinių Respublikų Sąjunga --- SRSR --- Soi︠u︡z Radi︠a︡nsʹkykh Sot︠s︡ialistychnykh Respublik --- SSSR --- Soi︠u︡z Sovetskikh Sot︠s︡ialisticheskikh Respublik --- UdSSR --- Shūravī --- Ittiḥād-i Jamāhīr-i Ishtirākīyah-i Shūrāʼīyah --- Russia (1923- U.S.S.R.) --- Sovetskiy Soyuz --- Soyuz SSR --- Sovetskiĭ Soi︠u︡z --- Soi︠u︡z SSR --- Uni Sovjet --- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics --- USSR --- SSṚM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Ṛespublikaneri Miutʻyun --- SSHM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Hanrapetutʻyunneri Miutʻyun --- URSS --- Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas --- Berit ha-Moʻatsot --- Rusyah --- Ittiḥād al-Sūfiyītī --- Rusiyah --- Rusland --- Soṿet-Rusland --- Uni Soviet --- Union soviétique --- Zȯvlȯlt Kholboot Uls --- Związek Radziecki --- ESSD --- Sahaphāp Sōwīat --- KhSHM --- SSR Kavširi --- Russland --- SNTL --- PSRS --- Su-lien --- Sobhieṭ Ẏuniẏana --- FSSR --- Unione Sovietica --- Ittiḥād-i Shūravī --- Soviyat Yūniyan --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- Labour / income economics --- Lenin, Vladimir Il'ič --- Lenin, Vladimir Iljitsj --- Lenin, Wladimir Iljitsch --- Lenin, Vladímir Ilich --- Lénine, Vladimir Ilitch --- Lénine, Vladimir Iliç --- Lenin, Nikolaj --- Lenin, Nicolai --- Ul'janov, Vladimir Il'ič --- Oeljanov, Vladimir Iljitsj --- Uljanow, Wladimir Iljitsch --- Ulyanov, Vladimir Ilyich --- Uliánov, Vladímir Ilich --- Oulianov, Vladimir Ilitch --- Oulianov, Wladimir Iljitsch --- Ленин, Владимир Ильич, --- Illiin, We., --- Ilʹin, Vladimīr, --- I-li-chʻi, --- Lenine, Wladimir Ilitch Oulianof, --- Lenin, Nicolai, --- Lenin, Nikolaj, --- Lenin, V. I. --- Ленин, В. И. --- Lenin, Vi. Ai., --- Ulʹi︠a︡nov, V. --- Ульянов, В. --- Ulʹi︠a︡nov, Vladimir Ilʹich, --- Ульянов, Владимир Ильич, --- Lenjin, V. I., --- Lenine, N., --- Lenin, W. I. --- Ulianov, V. I., --- Lenin, N., --- L̦en̦ins, V. A. --- Liening, --- Lieh-ning, --- 列寧, --- Lenin, --- Oulianov, Vladimir, --- Lenin, Vlagyimir Iljics, --- Lenjin, Vladimir Iljič, --- Uljanov, Vladimir Iljič, --- Lenin, Niḳolay, --- Līnīn, --- Ulyanoṿ, Ṿ., --- Lenin, Ṿ., --- Lenin, U. I. --- Lenin, Uladzimir Ilʹich, --- לאנין, ולאדימיר --- לנין, וולדימיר איליץ, --- לנין, וו. אי --- לענין, וו.אי --- לענין, ניקאלאי --- לענין, ניקאלאי, --- לענין, נ. --- לענין, נ., --- לענין, װלאדימיר איליטש, --- לענין, װ. אי --- לענין, װ. אי., --- לענין, װ. י. --- לענין, װ.אי., --- לענינ, וולאדימיר איליטש --- لينين --- A. Kros, --- Bronshteĭn, Lev Davidovich, --- Bronstein, Léon, --- Bronstejn, Lev Davidovich, --- Crux, --- L.D.T., --- Tʻo-lo-ssu-chi, --- Tʻo-lo-tzʻu-chi, --- Torokkī, --- Torotsukī, --- Torotsukii, --- Troc̦ki, --- Trocki, Lev, --- Trockij, Lev, --- Trocký, Leon, --- Troţki, Lev, --- Trotski, Leo, --- Trótski, Leon, --- Trôtski, Lêông, --- Trot︠s︡kiĭ, L. D. --- Trot︠s︡kiĭ, Lev, --- Trotskiĭ, N., --- Trotsky, L. D., --- Trotsky, Leone, --- Trotsky, Lev Davidovitch, --- Trotzki, Lee, --- Trotzkij, Leo, --- Trotzky, Leon, --- Trotzky, N., --- Троцкий, Лев, --- טראצקי, ל., --- טראָצקי, לעאָן, --- טראצקי, לעוו, --- טראָצקי, ליאון, --- טרוצקי, ל., --- טרוצקי, לב, --- تروتسكى، لئون,