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Book
What can be computed? : a practical guide to the theory of computation
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Year: 2018 Publisher: Princeton, New Jersey : Princeton University Press,

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Abstract

What Can Be Computed? is a uniquely accessible yet rigorous introduction to the most profound ideas at the heart of computer science. Crafted specifically for undergraduates who are studying the subject for the first time, and requiring minimal prerequisites, the book focuses on the essential fundamentals of computer science theory and features a practical approach that uses real computer programs (Python and Java) and encourages active experimentation. It is also ideal for self-study and reference. The book covers the standard topics in the theory of computation, including Turing machines and finite automata, universal computation, nondeterminism, Turing and Karp reductions, undecidability, time-complexity classes such as P and NP, and NP-completeness, including the Cook-Levin Theorem. But the book also provides a broader view of computer science and its historical development, with discussions of Turing's original 1936 computing machines, the connections between undecidability and Gödel's incompleteness theorem, and Karp's famous set of twenty-one NP-complete problems. Throughout, the book recasts traditional computer science concepts by considering how computer programs are used to solve real problems. Standard theorems are stated and proven with full mathematical rigor, but motivation and understanding are enhanced by considering concrete implementations. The book's examples and other content allow readers to view demonstrations of--and to experiment with--a wide selection of the topics it covers. The result is an ideal text for an introduction to the theory of computation.

Keywords

Informática --- Informática --- Informática --- Programación de ordenadores --- Historia --- Filosofía --- AKS primality test. --- AND gate. --- ASCII. --- Addition. --- Algorithm. --- Asymptotic analysis. --- Axiom. --- Binary search algorithm. --- Boolean satisfiability problem. --- C0. --- Calculation. --- Church–Turing thesis. --- Combinatorial search. --- Compiler. --- Complexity class. --- Computability theory. --- Computability. --- Computable function. --- Computable number. --- Computation. --- Computational model. --- Computational problem. --- Computer program. --- Computer. --- Computers and Intractability. --- Computing. --- Conditional (computer programming). --- Counting. --- Decision problem. --- Deterministic finite automaton. --- Elaboration. --- Entscheidungsproblem. --- Equation. --- Exponentiation. --- FNP (complexity). --- Factorization. --- For loop. --- Function problem. --- Halting problem. --- Hilbert's program. --- Indent style. --- Instance (computer science). --- Instruction set. --- Integer overflow. --- Integer. --- Interpreter (computing). --- Iteration. --- List comprehension. --- Mathematical induction. --- Model of computation. --- NP (complexity). --- NP-completeness. --- NP-hardness. --- Notation. --- OR gate. --- Optimization problem. --- P versus NP problem. --- Permutation. --- Polylogarithmic function. --- Polynomial. --- Potential method. --- Primality test. --- Prime number. --- Program analysis. --- Pseudocode. --- Pumping lemma. --- Python (programming language). --- Quantifier (logic). --- Quantum algorithm. --- Radix sort. --- Random-access machine. --- Recursive language. --- Regular expression. --- Rice's theorem. --- Rule 110. --- Schematic. --- Search problem. --- Set (abstract data type). --- Simulation. --- Snippet (programming). --- Solution set. --- Solver. --- Source code. --- Special case. --- State diagram. --- Statement (computer science). --- Subsequence. --- Subset. --- Summation. --- Theory of computation. --- Thread (computing). --- Time complexity. --- Transition function. --- Tseytin transformation. --- Turing machine. --- Turing reduction. --- Turing test. --- Turing's proof. --- Variable (mathematics). --- Workaround.


Book
Alan Turing's systems of logic : the Princeton thesis
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ISBN: 1400843219 Year: 2012 Publisher: Princeton, New Jersey ; Woodstock, England : Princeton University Press,

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A facsimile edition of Alan Turing's influential Princeton thesisBetween inventing the concept of a universal computer in 1936 and breaking the German Enigma code during World War II, Alan Turing (1912–1954), the British founder of computer science and artificial intelligence, came to Princeton University to study mathematical logic. Some of the greatest logicians in the world—including Alonzo Church, Kurt Gödel, John von Neumann, and Stephen Kleene—were at Princeton in the 1930s, and they were working on ideas that would lay the groundwork for what would become known as computer science. This book presents a facsimile of the original typescript of Turing's fascinating and influential 1938 Princeton PhD thesis, one of the key documents in the history of mathematics and computer science. The book also features essays by Andrew Appel and Solomon Feferman that explain the still-unfolding significance of the ideas Turing developed at Princeton.A work of philosophy as well as mathematics, Turing's thesis envisions a practical goal—a logical system to formalize mathematical proofs so they can be checked mechanically. If every step of a theorem could be verified mechanically, the burden on intuition would be limited to the axioms. Turing's point, as Appel writes, is that "mathematical reasoning can be done, and should be done, in mechanizable formal logic." Turing's vision of "constructive systems of logic for practical use" has become reality: in the twenty-first century, automated "formal methods" are now routine.Presented here in its original form, this fascinating thesis is one of the key documents in the history of mathematics and computer science.

Keywords

Logic, Symbolic and mathematical. --- Turing, Alan, --- Alan Perlis. --- Alan Turing. --- Algorithm. --- Alonzo Church. --- Applicable mathematics. --- Automated theorem proving. --- Axiomatic system. --- Boolean algebra. --- Boolean satisfiability problem. --- C++. --- Calculus of constructions. --- Cantor's diagonal argument. --- Central limit theorem. --- Church–Turing thesis. --- Computability theory. --- Computability. --- Computable function. --- Computable number. --- Computation. --- Computer architecture. --- Computer program. --- Computer science. --- Computer scientist. --- Computer. --- Computing Machinery and Intelligence. --- Computing. --- Coq. --- Cryptography. --- Decision problem. --- Donald Gillies. --- EDVAC. --- ENIAC. --- Enigma machine. --- Entscheidungsproblem. --- Formal system. --- Foundations of mathematics. --- Georges Gonthier. --- Gödel's incompleteness theorems. --- Haskell Curry. --- Howard Aiken. --- Instance (computer science). --- Iteration. --- J. Barkley Rosser. --- John Tukey. --- John von Neumann. --- Kenneth Appel. --- Kepler conjecture. --- Konrad Zuse. --- Lecture. --- Lisp (programming language). --- Logic for Computable Functions. --- Logic in computer science. --- Logic. --- Logical framework. --- Marvin Minsky. --- Mathematica. --- Mathematical analysis. --- Mathematical logic. --- Mathematical proof. --- Mathematician. --- Mathematics. --- Model of computation. --- Monotonic function. --- Natural number. --- Notation. --- Number theory. --- Numerical analysis. --- Oswald Veblen. --- Parameter (computer programming). --- Peano axioms. --- Peter Landin. --- Presburger arithmetic. --- Probability theory. --- Processing (programming language). --- Programming language. --- Proof assistant. --- Quantifier (logic). --- Recursion (computer science). --- Recursion. --- Result. --- Rice's theorem. --- Riemann zeta function. --- Satisfiability modulo theories. --- Scientific notation. --- Simultaneous equations. --- Skewes' number. --- Solomon Feferman. --- Solomon Lefschetz. --- Systems of Logic Based on Ordinals. --- The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences. --- Theorem. --- Theory of computation. --- Theory. --- Topology. --- Traditional mathematics. --- Turing Award. --- Turing machine. --- Turing's proof. --- Variable (computer science). --- Variable (mathematics).

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