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Microcomputers --- Microcomputers --- Maintenance and repair. --- Upgrading.
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Microcomputers --- Microcomputers --- Maintenance and repair --- Upgrading
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Microcomputers --- Microcomputers --- Microcomputers --- Equipment and supplies. --- Maintenance and repair. --- Upgrading.
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This paper develops new estimates of export quality, based on bilateral data, which are far more extensive than previous efforts. The data cover 166 countries and hundreds of products over 1962-2014. The analysis finds that quality upgrading is particularly rapid during the early stages of development. There is significant cross-country heterogeneity in the growth rate of quality. Within any given product line, quality converges over time to the world frontier. Institutional quality, liberal trade policies, foreign direct investment inflows, and human capital all promote quality upgrading, although their impacts vary across sectors. The results suggest that reducing barriers to entry into new sectors can allow economies to benefit from rapid quality convergence over time.
Export Prices --- Export Quality --- Quality Ladders --- Unit Values --- Upgrading
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Microcomputers --- Maintenance and repair --- Microcomputers --- Equipment and supplies --- Microcomputers --- Upgrading
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Microcomputers --- Maintenance and repair --- Microcomputers --- Equipment and supplies --- Microcomputers --- Upgrading
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Many people in the global south access housing through informal rental markets, but remarkably little is known about how these markets work or the quality of the accommodations on offer. This paper draws on a unique new data set to analyze the informal rental market in a case study city: Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The picture that emerges is one of a large, anonymous market in which there are clear price premiums for accommodation and neighborhood quality. At the same time, however, demand for quality housing outstrips supply, confining even upper-income households to slum conditions. The findings shed light on market dynamics that shape access to adequate housing in Dar es Salaam and other cities across the world. The paper closes by drawing on these insights to make recommendations to improve existing urban development policies such as slum upgrading, as well as to develop new approaches to rental housing that can materially improve living conditions in the rapidly expanding cities of the Global South.
Access to Housing --- Communities and Human Settlements --- Rental Market --- Slum Upgrading --- Urban Development --- Urban Housing --- Urban Slums Upgrading
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