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This book collected recent innovative research and review articles on analytical techniques, production protocols, biotechnological tools, and new insights into bioactivities of ginsenosides including the effects on epithelial-mesenchymal transition, hippocampal neurogenesis and inflammation as well as on diseases such as ischemic stroke, autoimmune diseases, and allergic disorders. Additionally, the analysis through molecular docking and an overview of the Panax ginseng pharmacopuncture were also presented.

Medicine --- Ginseng berries --- UPLC-QTOF/MS --- HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy --- ginsenoside --- primary metabolite --- notoginseng leaf triterpenes --- HMGB1 --- cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury --- inflammation --- MAPK --- NF-κB --- Panax ginseng --- wild ginseng --- pharmacopuncture --- safety --- clinical trials --- ocotillol type ginsenoside epimers --- stereoselective ADME characteristics --- molecular docking analysis --- homology modeling --- molecular interaction --- Rg3 --- Th17 --- RORγt --- EAE --- Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans --- complete genome sequence --- novel glycoside hydrolases --- bioconversion --- recombinant enzyme --- ginsenoside Rg3(S) --- gram unit production --- Asian ginseng --- American ginseng --- Panax quinquefolium L. --- ginsenosides --- anti-inflammation --- pro-resolving --- ginseng --- macrophage --- M2 polarization --- ginsenoside CK --- neurogenesis --- cell proliferation --- neuroprotection --- dammarane-type triterpene saponin --- ginsenoside MT1 --- transglycosylation --- biotransformation --- biotechnology --- Anxa2 --- epithelial-mesenchymal transition --- (20S)G-Rh2 --- bioreactor --- cell suspension --- hairy root --- polyploidy --- protoplast --- Panax sp. --- polysaccharides --- allergy --- immune system --- n/a --- compound M1 --- hepatoprotective --- anti-cancer --- anti-diabetic

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Leaf morphology is obviously determined in a plant. By contrast, its morphology is often changeable when the plant copes with various environmental changes. To update our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of leaf morphogenesis with robustness and flexibility, this book provides a series of academic papers that cover molecular mechanism of leaf morphogenesis and offers readers' opportunities to find beautiful mechanisms that plants develop.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Botany & plant sciences --- apical meristems --- Class I KNOX genes --- compound leaves --- determinacy --- Dryopteridaceae --- ferns --- leaf development --- pinna development --- shoot development --- Nepenthes --- carnivorous plants --- UPLC-qToF-MS --- metabolomics --- tissue specificity --- cheminformatics --- CIN-like TCP transcription factors --- regulation --- light --- high temperature --- microRNA319 --- BRAHMA --- TIE1 transcriptional repressors --- TEAR1 E3 ligases --- Leaf angle --- Phytohormones --- crop yield --- BR --- Crosstalk --- Class I KNOX --- Elaphoglossum --- fronds --- leaf diversity --- leaf evolution and development --- megaphyll --- Riccia fluitans --- liverwort --- adaptation --- terrestrialization --- transformation --- sexual induction --- shoot meristem --- embryogenesis --- stem cell --- boundary --- transcription factor --- cytochrome P450 --- CUC --- STM --- LAS --- BLR --- KNAT6 --- KLU --- CYP78A5 --- ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 --- AS2/LOB domain --- adaxial–abaxial polarity --- ETTIN/AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3 (ETT/ARF3) --- AS2 body --- nucleolus --- gene body methylation --- ribosomal DNA (rDNA) --- adaptive significance of insect galls --- gall-inducing insects --- gall formation mechanism --- insect effectors

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Dear colleagues, This Special Issue aims to publish new and innovative research that could demonstrate the therapeutic potential of natural health products, through relevant in vitro and/or in vivo biological activities, to prevent or alleviate degenerative diseases. The interaction of natural health products with human microbiota represents an essential aspect, because it could modulate the microbial pattern and alleviate more of a chronic disease’s effects in the case of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular dysfunctions, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory colon pathologies. Additionally, you are invited to send research based on the effect of different extracts or functional foods used in degenerative pathologies and interactions with human microbiota. We aim to identify new data on in vitro/in vivo research that could demonstrate the bioavailability of natural compounds and the relationship with antioxidant/antimicrobial capacity. Modulated microbiota aspects are expected to be published based on the interaction with natural compounds, natural sweeteners, or other molecules that influence the colon health status.

Technology: general issues --- Biotechnology --- in vitro callus --- cell suspension and root cultures --- biologically active substances --- ecdysteroids --- HPLC --- 1H NMR spectra --- Rhaponticum carthamoides --- Chaga --- medicinal fungi --- biomass yield --- mathematical modeling --- response surface methodology --- bioreactor culture --- mycelium --- antioxidant activity --- gamma irradiation --- Fomes fomentarius --- mushroom --- DPPH --- flavonoids --- polyphenols --- urinary infection --- in vitro --- Escherichia coli --- antimicrobial --- yellow onion skins --- extraction --- multifunctional ingredients --- Ficus carica L. --- ultrasonic enzyme co-assisted --- aqueous two-phase extraction --- UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS --- identification --- lactic acid fermentation --- betalain --- carotenoids --- red pepper --- beetroot --- carrot --- drying --- heat treatment --- seaweeds --- bioactive compounds --- food safety --- consumer health --- Cannabis sativa L. --- cannabinoids --- hemp oil --- UHPLC–PDA --- validation --- Cnidoscolus aconitifolius --- inflammation --- croton oil --- HL-60 --- phenols --- differentiation --- apoptosis --- transcriptome --- natural products --- bacteria --- downstream processing --- antibiotics --- isolation --- secondary metabolites --- pharmacognosy --- bioprospecting --- U. lactuca --- non-toxic solvents --- phenolics --- uropathogenic --- herbal medicines --- plant extract --- bioactive molecules --- n/a --- UHPLC-PDA

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Leaf morphology is obviously determined in a plant. By contrast, its morphology is often changeable when the plant copes with various environmental changes. To update our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of leaf morphogenesis with robustness and flexibility, this book provides a series of academic papers that cover molecular mechanism of leaf morphogenesis and offers readers' opportunities to find beautiful mechanisms that plants develop.

apical meristems --- Class I KNOX genes --- compound leaves --- determinacy --- Dryopteridaceae --- ferns --- leaf development --- pinna development --- shoot development --- Nepenthes --- carnivorous plants --- UPLC-qToF-MS --- metabolomics --- tissue specificity --- cheminformatics --- CIN-like TCP transcription factors --- regulation --- light --- high temperature --- microRNA319 --- BRAHMA --- TIE1 transcriptional repressors --- TEAR1 E3 ligases --- Leaf angle --- Phytohormones --- crop yield --- BR --- Crosstalk --- Class I KNOX --- Elaphoglossum --- fronds --- leaf diversity --- leaf evolution and development --- megaphyll --- Riccia fluitans --- liverwort --- adaptation --- terrestrialization --- transformation --- sexual induction --- shoot meristem --- embryogenesis --- stem cell --- boundary --- transcription factor --- cytochrome P450 --- CUC --- STM --- LAS --- BLR --- KNAT6 --- KLU --- CYP78A5 --- ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 --- AS2/LOB domain --- adaxial–abaxial polarity --- ETTIN/AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3 (ETT/ARF3) --- AS2 body --- nucleolus --- gene body methylation --- ribosomal DNA (rDNA) --- adaptive significance of insect galls --- gall-inducing insects --- gall formation mechanism --- insect effectors

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The present Special Issue, “Innovative Extraction Techniques and Hyphenated Instrument Configuration for Complex Matrices Analysis”, aims to collect and to disseminate some of the most significant and recent contributions in the interdisciplinary area of innovative extraction procedures from complex matrices followed by validated analytical methods using hyphenated instrument configurations to support the optimization of the whole process and the scale-up possibility

alginate --- n/a --- heavy metals --- high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) --- microwave processing --- phytochemicals --- microNIR --- antioxidant activity --- in-line monitoring --- Wuyi Rock tea --- metabolomics --- seawater --- optimization --- walnut septum --- color analysis --- metabolite profiling --- rosuvastatin --- dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction --- antioxidant --- mouse melanoma B16 cells --- nails --- extraction --- sample preparation --- quality --- MAE --- Panax notoginseng --- physicochemical properties --- flow injection --- ionic liquids --- branched-chain keto acids --- Semen Cuscutae --- near-infrared spectroscopy --- volatile organic compounds --- odor --- SFE --- single-drop microextraction --- experimental design --- cluster analysis --- therapeutic drug monitoring --- Thymus algeriensis --- metformin --- tyrosinase --- gas chromatography-olfactometry --- Ajuga genevensis --- phytosterols --- serum --- diabetes --- GHB --- polyphenols --- ultrasound assisted extraction --- microextraction --- oolong tea --- alkaloid --- minor ginsenosides --- inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry --- wood --- stir bar sorptive extraction --- HPLC-Q-TOF/MS --- GHB glucuronide --- Hericium erinaceuns mycelium --- endogenous values --- cultivars --- Tieguanyin tea cultivar --- SIRT1 --- modification --- HPLC-MS/MS --- fluid bed process --- steamed Panax notoginseng --- dry extract --- UPLC-QTOF MS --- flavonoids --- blood-enriching activity --- UPLC-QqQ MS --- HPLC-PDA --- neurodegenerative disease --- biological activity --- rare earth elements --- response surface methodology --- solid-phase microextraction --- Ultra-Turrax extraction --- bovine hide --- ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry --- gel strength --- hematopoiesis --- genistein --- muscle --- Lycium ruthenicun --- hemostatic activity --- flavonoid --- ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry --- HILIC --- surfactant --- saponins --- pigments --- chlorogenic acids --- daidzein --- Fe3O4 --- LC-MS --- Asphodeline lutea --- actinidin --- total polyphenolic content --- stir cake sorptive extraction --- gelatin --- ruthenicunoid A