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Bildung ist und bleibt wohl das alles bestimmende Thema des 21. Jahrhunderts. Entsprechend dramatisch müssen die lebensgeschichtlichen Folgen eines Mangels an oder Ausschlusses von Bildung sein. In der ökonomischen wie soziologischen Arbeitsmarktliteratur findet man nun für die zunehmende Benachteiligung gering qualifizierter Personen das gleiche dominante Erklärungsmuster, den Verdrängungsmechanismus: gering Qualifizierte werden von besser Qualifizierten "verdrängt". In diesem Buch wird im Unterschied dazu in den theoretischen Überlegungen und empirischen Analysen die Bedeutung von Prozessen einer zunehmenden Diskreditierung, sozialen Verarmung und Stigmatisierung herausgearbeitet und hervorgehoben - es geht also eher um soziale Ungleichheit denn um "Verdrängung".

Unskilled labor.

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"In this paper, the authors use a highly disaggregate general equilibrium model to analyze the feasibility of a wage subsidy to unskilled workers in South Africa, isolating and estimating its potential employment effects and fiscal cost. They capture the structural characteristics of the labor market with several labor categories and substitution possibilities, linking the economy-wide results on relative prices, wages, and employment to a micro-simulation model with occupational choice probabilities in order to investigate the poverty and distributional consequences of the policy. The impact of a wage subsidy on employment, poverty, and inequality in South Africa depends greatly on the elasticities of substitution of factors of production, being very minimal if unskilled and skilled labor are complements in production. The desired results are attainable only if there is sufficient flexibility in the labor market. Although the impact in a low case scenario can be improved by supporting policies that relax the skill constraint and increase the production capacity of the economy especially towards labor-intensive sectors, the gains from a wage subsidy are still modest if the labor market remains very rigid. "--World Bank web site.

Labor market --- Unskilled labor

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"In this paper, the authors use a highly disaggregate general equilibrium model to analyze the feasibility of a wage subsidy to unskilled workers in South Africa, isolating and estimating its potential employment effects and fiscal cost. They capture the structural characteristics of the labor market with several labor categories and substitution possibilities, linking the economy-wide results on relative prices, wages, and employment to a micro-simulation model with occupational choice probabilities in order to investigate the poverty and distributional consequences of the policy. The impact of a wage subsidy on employment, poverty, and inequality in South Africa depends greatly on the elasticities of substitution of factors of production, being very minimal if unskilled and skilled labor are complements in production. The desired results are attainable only if there is sufficient flexibility in the labor market. Although the impact in a low case scenario can be improved by supporting policies that relax the skill constraint and increase the production capacity of the economy especially towards labor-intensive sectors, the gains from a wage subsidy are still modest if the labor market remains very rigid. "--World Bank web site.

Labor market --- Unskilled labor

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Unskilled labor -- India

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"Global Rupture makes a key intervention in debates on informal and precarious labour. Increasing recognition that informal and precarious labour is an enduring reality under neo-liberal capitalism, and the norm globally, rather than the exception has ignited debates around analytical frames, activist strategies and development interventions. This pathbreaking volume provides a corrective through drawing upon theoretically informed rich case studies from the world outside of North America, Europe, and Australasia. Each contribution converges on the enduring and expanding significance of informal and precarious work within the Global South-the most significant factor in preventing a worldwide decent work agenda"--

Labor movement --- Unskilled labor --- Informal sector (Economics) --- Neoliberalism --- Unskilled labor.